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people between 2010 and 2013.

In a separate case, a senior BTRC official testified that internet services were fully shut down from 9:00pm on July 18 to the afternoon of July 23, 2024, following a directive from then state minister for ICT Zunaid Ahmed Palak.

The witness said Palak, in a meeting with International Internet Gateway operators and media representatives, instructed that platforms such as Facebook, YouTube and TikTok remain blocked while limited connectivity be maintained at key installations.

The official, whose identity was withheld for security reasons, told the tribunal that services were fully restored on July 31, 2024, following another directive from Palak conveyed through the BTRC chairman.

Meanwhile, at ICT-2, Dhaka University student Maruf Al Hasan testified to attacks during the July uprising, naming several political figures.

He alleged that Awami League General Secretary Obaidul Quader instructed Chhatra League leaders to resist the movement, and that multiple students were injured in attacks led by then BCL president Saddam Hussain and general secretary Sheikh Wali Asif Enan.

Maruf also alleged that several leaders of the AL and its affiliated organisations made provocative remarks and displayed weapons during escalating tensions.