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September 2024 and September 2025 in political violence.

Political violence in 2021 and 2022 was largely driven by internal feuds and dominance disputes within Awami League, while in 2023 it mainly stemmed from clashes between AL and BNP supporters during opposition marches and counter “peace rallies”.

The report noted that most of the violence resulted from power struggles, factional disputes over committee formation, and efforts to assert territorial control across different parts of the country.

Despite the change in government, the overall human rights and law-and-order situation has not improved, HRSS said, with new forms of political and mob violence emerging over the past year.

It also recorded attacks near courts and police stations, growing tensions among student groups, and continued assaults on journalists and minorities.

HRSS urged political parties to promote internal democracy and accountability and called on the interim government to uphold citizens’ constitutional rights and the rule of law.

“To establish the rule of law and democracy and improve the human rights situation, every political party must play a more responsible role,” the HRSS report said.

“Unless these issues are addressed, the overall human rights situation of the country will further deteriorate,” it warned.