REUTERS, London

Christmas is traditionally a period for consumption and spiritual reflection. That makes the upcoming holiday a good moment to pose one of the top political and economic questions facing rich countries: whether their citizens can continue to live well in an era of slower growth.

This depends in part on economic and political decisions about how to allocate resources. But if well-off countries continue with an acquisitive and individualistic mindset, there will be much unhappiness and conflict. If they embrace a more purposeful, caring and green future, citizens can thrive.

Ancient Greek philosophers such as Aristotle knew that material goods are necessary but not sufficient for good lives. People also have social, intellectual, and even spiritual needs.

Modern studies, such as the annual World Happiness Report, back this up. Income is one factor that explains how satisfied people are with their lives. But social support, healthy life expectancy, and freedom to make their own choices are also vital. Despite this, modern culture gives pride of place to economic growth.

Economic progress can be a powerful force for social change. In recent decades, rapid increases in GDP have helped to take billions out of poverty. People who lack basic material goods can have miserable lives. So poor countries need to keep growing.

Meanwhile, poor people in rich countries need more income. If growth is slow, that means they will need to be given a bigger slice of the economic pie. Even after basic needs are met, extra income can boost people’s happiness.