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Reimagining the future of work

We stand at a crossroads as seismic shifts take place in the world of work

Cyril Ramaphosa and Stefan Lofven
Technological advances are changing the nature of many jobs, and leading to the need for new skills. The urgently required greening of economies to meet the challenge of climate change should bring further employment possibilities. Expanding youth populations in some parts of the world, ageing populations in others, may affect labour markets and social security systems.
On one path, countless opportunities lie ahead, not only to create jobs but also to improve the quality of our working lives. This requires that we reinvigorate the social contract that gives all partners a fair stake in the global economy.
On the other path, if we fail to prepare adequately for the coming challenges, we could be heading into a world that widens inequalities and leads to greater uncertainty.
The issues are complex. As co-chairs of the Global Commission on the Future of Work we, and our fellow members of the Commission—leading figures from business and labour, think tanks, government and non-governmental organisations—have been examining the choices we need to make if we are to meet the challenges resulting from these transformations in the world of work and achieve social justice.
We call for a new, human-centred approach that allows everyone to thrive in a carbon neutral, digital age and affords them dignity, security, and equal opportunity. It must also meet the changing needs and challenges facing businesses and secure sustainable economic growth.
The opportunities are there to improve working lives, expand choice, close the gender gap and reverse the damage that has been wreaked by global inequality. But it will need committed action on the part of governments and social partners to turn those opportunities into reality.
So how do we achieve this? Three areas of increased investment are needed:
First, we have to invest more in people's capabilities: This means establishing an effective lifelong learning system that enables people to skill, reskill and upskill—a system that spans early childhood and basic education through to adult learning. It also means investing in the institutions that will support people as they go through transitions in their working lives—from school leavers
institutions of work—including the establishment and implementation of a Universal Labour Guarantee. This will ensure that all workers enjoy fundamental rights, an "adequate living wage", limits on their hours of work and safe and healthy workplaces. Linked to this, people need to have more control over their working time—while meeting the needs of enterprises—so that they can
to older workers. Making gender equality a reality and providing social protection from birth to old age are also critical. These social investments will not only increase productivity. They will also allow for a more inclusive growth, where informal workers and business can both benefit from and contribute to a sound formal economy.
Second, we must invest more in the
fulfil the full range of their responsibilities and develop their capabilities. Collective representation through social dialogue between workers and employers needs to be actively promoted.
Workers in the informal economy have often improved their working conditions by organising. Unions need to expand membership to informal workers,
whether they work in the rural economy, on the city streets of an emerging economy or on a digital platform. This is a critical step towards formalisation and a tool for inclusion.
We're also calling for governance systems for digital labour platforms that will require these platforms and their clients to respect certain minimum standards.
Finally, we need to invest more in decent and sustainable work. This includes incentives to promote investments in key areas, such as the care economy, the green economy, and the rural economy, as well as high-quality physical and digital infrastructure. We must also reshape private sector incentive structures to encourage a long-term, human-centred approach to business. That includes fair tax policies and improved corporate accounting standards. We need to explore new measures of country progress to track important aspects of economic and social advancement.
Beyond these critical investments, there is a further opportunity: to place discussions about the future of work at the heart of the economic and social debates taking place at the high table of international policy-making. This could revitalise the multilateral system at a time when many are questioning its legitimacy and effectiveness.
Yet none of this will happen by itself. If change is the opportunity, we must seize the moment to renew the social contract and create a brighter future by delivering economic security, equal opportunity and social justice—and ultimately reinforce the fabric of our societies.
The Global Commission on the Future of Work is an independent body set up in 2017 by the International Labour Organization to undertake an in-depth examination of the future of work. Its report was launched on January 22, 2019 to mark the start of the Centenary year of the ILO.