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New effort to halt global warming

Independent.co.uk
Scientists have found a way to produce a mineral, known as magnesite, in a lab that can absorb CO2 from the atmosphere, offering a potential strategy for tackling climate change.
By reducing a process that normally takes thousands of years to a matter of days, the research could boost the burgeoning field of carbon capture and storage (CCS).
As the world struggles to cut spiralling
greenhouse gas emissions, experts broadly agree that technologies that suck CO2 from the air will be an essential tool to curtail global warming.
Magnesite is a naturally occurring rock used in jewellery and for various industrial processes, and its carbon-storing capacity was already known to scientists.
Every tonne of magnesite is capable of removing around half a tonne of CO2 from the atmosphere.
However, while previous studies have explored the potential of storing polluting gases in underground rock formations, the potential of these activities is hampered by the time it takes for new minerals to form.
“This is a process which takes hundreds to thousands of years in nature at Earth's surface," explained Professor Ian Power, who led the new research at Trent University.
To overcome this issue, Professor Power and his team identified the processes that form magnesite naturally at low temperatures, and then used this knowledge to dramatically accelerate its crystallisation.
Using polystyrene microspheres as a catalyst to speed up the reactions that form this rock, they reduced its creation time to 72 days.
The whole process takes place at room temperature, making it extremely energy efficient.
"For now, we recognise that this is an experimental process, and will need to be scaled up before we can be sure that magnesite can be used in carbon sequestration (taking CO2 from the atmosphere and permanently storing it as magnesite)," said Professor Power.
"This depends on several variables, including the price of carbon and the refinement of the sequestration technology, but we now know that the science makes it doable".
These results were presented by the scientists at the Goldschmidt geochemistry conference in Boston.