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Caliphate call a 'heresy'

AFP, Beirut
The surprise declaration of a "caliphate" by jihadists accused of committing atrocities in Syria and Iraq has provoked an outcry even among Islamists who dream of a state under Sharia law.
The caliphate, an Islamic system of rule, was abolished nearly 100 years ago, although many Arabs and Muslims still associate it with a golden age.
But this week's announcement of a caliphate by the radical Islamic State (IS) group appears to only appeal to fanatics.
"All Islamist groups want the caliphate," said Mathieu Guidere, who teaches Islamic studies at France's University ofToulouse.
But IS, which operates in Syria and Iraq and was formerly known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, "is equated with terrorism and massacres; it has a bad track record", Guidere told AFP.
IS's widely publicised brutality, including public beheadings and crucifixions, "give a very bad image of Islam... tainting the (caliphate) project, which Islamists view as an ideal."
IS chief Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi's designation as "caliph" - or leader of all Muslims, and successor to the Prophet Mohammed -has shocked most Muslims, even jihadists, who have rejected the idea outright.
Al-Azhar, a leading authority of Sunni Islam, "believes that all those who are today speaking of an Islamic state are terrorists," its senior representative Sheikh Abbas Shuman told AFP.
"The Islamic caliphate can't be restored by force. Occupying a country and killing half of its population... this is not an Islamic state, this is terrorism," Shuman added.
Lebanon's Jamaa Islamiyeh, which is the local branch of the widely influential Muslim Brotherhood, lashed out at the announcement and called it heresy.
The group also said IS's acts "are a deformation of Islam, that disgusts the people of the region."
Even more hardline Salafist Muslims dismissed the call. "We want a caliphate; it is at the core of our ideology," said Daii Islam, founder of Lebanon's Salafist movement.
"But such a state should be founded on several criteria, which have notyetbeen met."
The caliphate lasted for 14 centuries until it was abolished by Turkish ruler Mustafa Kemal Ataturk in 1924.
Nonetheless, for a small minority of Arab or European jihadists, the idea remains appealing.
"The utopia is very attractive. The jihadist project draws people who challenge the system, as was the case with communism in the 1960s," said Guidiere.