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How to control dust mite allergy
Dust mites are tiny bugs that commonly live on bedding, carpets, soft furnishings, clothing and dead human skin. In people allergic to dust mite, it is often not the mite itself but proteins in their droppings which cause the allergy. Mite is closely associated with other diseases like asthma, eczema and allergic rhinitis.
A dust mite allergy can range from mild to severe. A mild case of dust mite allergy may cause an occasional runny nose, watery eyes and sneezing. In severe cases, the condition may be ongoing (chronic), resulting in persistent sneezing, cough, congestion, facial pressure or severe asthma attack.
Dust mite allergy is not a sign of dirty house. Although dirty house can make the problem worse, it may occur in people living in very clean house. Because, some people are so allergic to dust that even minimal exposures may trigger their symptoms.
Avoiding exposure to dust mites is the best strategy for controlling the dust mite allergy. While the patient can not completely eliminate dust mites from the home, the patient can significantly reduce their numbers. American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology and other experts recommend the following tips to control dust might allergy:
1. Keep the humidity low. Do not use vaporisers or humidifiers. You
may need a dehumidifier. Use vent fans in bathrooms and when cooking to remove moisture. Repair all water leaks.
2. Remove carpeting and other dust mite habitats. Carpeting provides a comfortable habitat for dust mites. This is especially true if carpeting is over concrete, which holds moisture easily and provides a humid environment for mites. If possible, replace wall- to- wall bedroom carpeting with tile, wood. Consider replacing other dust collecting furnishings in bedrooms, such upholstered furniture, non-washable curtains and horizontal blinds.
3. Cut clutter. If it collects dust, it also collects dust mites. Remove knick knacks, table top, ornaments, books, magazines and newspapers from the bedroom.
4. Encase mattresses and pillows with mite-proof covers. These covers, made of tightly woven fabric, prevent dust mites from colonising or
escaping from the mattress or pillows.
5. Wash bedding weekly. Wash all sheets, blankets, pillowcases and bedcovers in hot water that is at least 54.4“C to kill dust mites and remove allergens.
Remove dust. Use a damp or oiled mop or rag rather than dry materials to clean up dust. This prevents dust from becoming airborne and resetting.
6. If you are allergic, wear a N95 filter mask while dusting, sweeping or vacuuming. Remember, it takes over two hours for the dust to settle back down, so if possible clean when the allergic patient is away and don't clean the bedroom at night.
7. Do not leave out uncovered food at night. Dispose of food wastes (including fast food wraps) in a tightly sealed garbage can. Use roach traps.
The write up is compiled by Dr A K M Aminul Hoque, Associate professor of Medicine, Dhaka Medical College.