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Jihadists return after Arab Spring

AFP, Tunis
The flow of foreign fighters into Syria, flood of arms across North Africa, war in Mali and terror attacks highlight the jihadists' return in a region rocked by the Arab Spring, diplomats and analysts say.
The combination of factors, following the absence of al-Qaeda and affiliates from the Arab Spring revolts, has led to France's military intervention against Islamists in Mali and the deadly hostage-taking at a desert gas plant in Algeria.
US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, appearing before Congress on Wednesday over September's attack on the American consulate in the Libyan city of Benghazi, warned of the new geopolitical landscape in the Arab world and North Africa.
"We cannot afford to retreat now. When America is absent, especially from unstable environments, there are consequences. Extremism takes root, our interests suffer, and our security at home is threatened," she said.
Russia went further, charging the Western military intervention in Libya was the root cause of the insecurity.
"Acts of terrorism have become almost daily events, the proliferation of arms is out of control, (foreign) fighters are infiltrating," Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said this week.
"The impression is that Mali was a consequence of Libya and the hostage-taking in Algeria is a very worrying signal," he said.
Despite their support for rebels fighting Syrian President Bashar al-Assad, Western powers have also
started to voice growing concern over the influx of hundreds if not thousands of foreign jihadists onto the battlefields of Syria.
Jean-Pierre Filiu, a professor at the Sciences-Po institute in Paris, said al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb existed before the Arab Spring as a "gangsterjihadist" organisation. It combined Muslim "holy war" with criminal activities and was severely repressed by dictators in Libya, TUnisia and Egypt that were swept away in a wave of popular uprisings.
But now, the new regimes have been struggling to come up with an alternative policy.
The hostage-taking at In Amenas gas plant highlighted the multinational dimension of the threat: the 32 assailants were of seven different nationalities entering from northern Mali, with reported logistical support from inside Libya.
Tripoli, Algiers and Tunis have pledged to coordinate their efforts to combat trafficking and terrorism, as the jihadists in North Africa adapt to the post-revolutionary realities of the region.
Mathieu Guidere, a French university scholar of Islam, said the rise of Islamic regimes in Tunisia and Egypt has forced jihadists to seek out new targets for their militancy to the secular, Muslim-majority south.
Guidere warned that France's intervention in Mali was a "strategic error" that could turn the country into another post-Saddam Hussein Iraq where al-Qaeda flourished in the wake of the2003 US-led invasion.