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Road to Freedom
Key milestones in relations between north and south Sudan, which formally declares independence yesterday, becoming the world's newest nation and splitting Africa's largest country in two: 31983: Sudanese president Gaafar al-
Nimeiri rescinds a 1972 agreement under which southern Sudan enjoyed internal autonomy.
31989: Omar al-Bashirousts Nimeiri in
a coup. He remains in power to this day. 3January 2005: North and south sign
a US-brokered peace agreement providing for a period of autonomy for the south followed by a referendum on full independence in 2011.
3July 2005: Salva Kiir becomes South
Sudan's leader after the then leader Garang killed in a helicopter crash.
3July 2009: An international arbitra-
tion court in The Hague draws new borders around Abyei, locating its main oilfields in the north, outside the provisions of the peace agreement.
3April 2010: Sudan holds its first
multi-party elections since 1986. Kiir becomes the south's first elected president.
3October 2010: Talks between north and south fail to produce an agreement on Abyei's future status.
3January 2011: The south votes by nearly 99 percent to break away in the referendum provided for by the peace deal.
3April 2011: Bashir says he will not recognise the south's independence if it insists on claiming Abyei.
3May 21, 2011: Northern troops backed by tanks seize Abyei town and its environs.
3June 5, 2011: Fighting erupts between the northern army and southern-aligned militia in South Kordofan, the north's only oilproducingstate.
3June 20: North and south sign an
African Union-sponsored agreement to demilitarise Abyei.
3June 27: UN Security Council votes to
send a 4,200-strong Ethiopian peacekeeping force to monitor the withdrawal of northern troops from Abyei.
3July 7: Bashir confirms he will attend the independence ceremony in