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New US president will enjoy broad powers

AFP, Washington
The 44th US president, who takes office January 20, 2009, will enjoy sweeping powers defined by the US constitution and shaped by his political tug-of-war with Congress andthecourts.
Often seen as the world's most powerful man. the new tenant at the White House begins his constitutionally defined four-year term with an oath of office written more than two centuries ago.
"I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States."
The oath comes from Article II of the US Constitution, which spells out the president's powers, such as his standing as "commander in chief" of the US military
"when called into the actual service of the United States.”
He may also "grant reprieves and pardons," and sign treaties subject to ratification by two-thirds of voting Senators. He nominates US ambassadors and fills vacancies on the US Supreme Court, which also requires Senate approval.
The constitution also spells out one of his best-known duties: Declaiming the State of the Union "from time to time," though it does not require the annual televised speeches that presidents now use to lay out their priorities.
The president can veto legislation passed by the US Congress, which needs a two-thirds vote in the Senate and House of Representatives to override.
Arguably the president's most potent power is not in the constitution: It is what the 26th US president, Theodore Roosevelt, called
the "bully pulpit" -- the White House's unmatched power to shape national discourse.
But the same leader who controls the US nuclear arsenal cannot dissolve the US Congress and can be removed from office “on Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors."
Only twice in history has the US House of Representatives voted to impeach a president -- Andrew Johnson in 1868 and Bill Clinton in 1998, each of whom was acquitted in their Senate trial.
The House had begun work on impeaching Richard Nixon in 1974, but he short-circuited the process with his resignation - the only one in US history.
The US Congress, not the president, has the power to formally declare war -- but that has rarely stopped the White House from ordering US forces overseas.