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Roadrunner breaks computer speed barrier
IBM and scientists at Los Alamos National Laboratory have built the world's fastest supercomputer and will use it to simulate nuclear detonations as a way of assessing the U.S. nuclear stockpile without actually exploding warheads.
The supercomputer called Roadrunner has broken a speed barrier - a petaflop of sustained performance - that eluded computer makers for several years. A petaflop is 1,000 trillion operations per second.
Working at that speed, the computer can perform the complex simulations the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) needs to be confident that aging U.S. nuclear warheads still work properly, said Thomas D'Agostino, NNSA administrator.
The computer, which IBM says will fill 21 tractor trailers, will be shipped to Los Alamos in New Mexico in July. It was built and is being tested in an IBM plant in Poughkeepsie, N.Y.
Once it's installed at Los Alamos, it will be used to analyze the performance of nuclear weapons and for other classified military work, including simulations that will support U.S. troops in Iraq, D'Agostino said.
The computer will perform very complex simulations to study warhead performance from multiple perspectives in space and time, said Michael Anastasio, director, Los Alamos National Laboratory.
To be confident that U.S nuclear weapons still work as expected 30 to 40 years after they were built, the NNSA wants to run three-dimensional simulations of the primary chemical explosion that squeezes die plutonium core tightly enough to set off the nuclear explosion, said Hans Kristensen, director of the Nuclear Information Project at the Federation of American Scientists.
Among other things, the computer must accurately calculate the propagation of the pressure front of the chemical explosion, Kristensen said Pressure from that explosion must be absolutely uniform on the nuclear core so that the core explodes with the desired yield.
The Roadrunner s speed means "we can solve problems faster,' D'Agostino said. Problems that used to take six months to solve now might be solved in a month, be said.
IBM says Roadrunner is twice as fast as IBM's Blue Gene, the previous speed record holder, and six times faster than the next fastest supercomputers.
In addition to monitoring nuclear weapons, Roadrunner computers are expected to have numerous commercial uses. Turek said.
The computer's modeling capability should enable it to help design more efficient engines, better ship hulls and superior aircraft, he said.
The financial services industry may use Roadrunner supercomputers to better predict market activity, and pharmaceutical companies can use it to simulate how drugs will react in the body, IBM says.
Germany mulls major boost to Afghan force
Germany is debating a major Increase to its force in Afghanistan, a NATO source said June 9, as pressure mounts on Berlin to play a greater security role in the insurgency-hit country.
The source, speaking on condition of anonymity. said that the government could ask parliament to approve in October a new mandate for a maximum of 6,000 troops, compared to some 3,500 at the moment, according to NATO figures.
Other figures being discussed range from 4,500 to 5,000.
Germany's contingent is based near Masar-i-Sharif in northern Afghanistan, and its NATO allies have been trying to convince Berlin to deploy them to more hostile areas such as the south, where the Taliban-led insurgency is strongest.
But Germany maintains that reconstruction is every bit as important as fighting, and has been reluctant to move them for the 53,000-strong NATO-led International Security Assistance Force (ISAF).
Expansion might not mean that the troops will be sent elsewhere. In April, the German army's chief of staff said he wanted more troops in northern Afghanistan following a string of attacks on its soldiers and Afghan helpers there.
Wolfgang Schneiderhan told the Focus weekly that German operations in the north were stretching it to the limit.
"That takes away flexibility for me to react quickly to any worsening in the situation. I will argue this when the extension of the mandate comes up for discussion in the autumn," he said.
Since 2002, 26 German troops have been killed in Afghanistan.
The ISAF mission will be a major topic on the agenda of talks between NATO defence ministers at allied headquarters in Brussels on June 12 and 13.
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