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Modern treatment to overcome addiction

Dr Satparkash
For the last few decades, mos countries including Bangladesh have been in the grip of the epi demic of addiction. Increasing illicit drug-trade, lack of aware ness, improper treatment anc rehabilitation — all are responsi ble for the spate.
Till date, very little medica support is available to the addicts to get out of the clutche: of this vicious habit. The course of the treatment typically includes detoxification in reha bilitation centres followed b’ relapse over and over again. Ir most cases it is not treated prop erly. As a result recurrence occur: frequently. Rehabilitation for the addicted people is still far behinc from the standard and urgen modification is needed to make i I effective.
Chemical dependency t( Drugs such as Opiates (includinf Heroin, Smack or Brown Sugar Opium, Cough Syrups. Proxyvon Spasmoproxyvon, Fortwin Morphine and Buprenorphine injections), Cocaine, Ecstasy Amphetamines and other stimu lants and Alcohol intoxicatior are dreaded problems. It is virtu ally impossible to overcome ar addiction merely by locking the addict in a rehab centre for week to months against one's will.
The biggest fear that wouk
prevent an addict from giving u[ a drug or alcohol is that of the intense discomfort experiencet during withdrawal. The conven tional procedures of detoxifica tion have only reinforced these fears further. This is a majo reason for people drop out treat ment midway. Earlier, the failure rate of treatment was about 90t< 95 percent. It means, a relapse was almost inevitable within ; few days to a few weeks afte detoxification.
Naltrexone implant
At every specialised centers ir the world, opiate addiction i: being treated very successful!’ by the use of ultra rapid opiate detoxification along will implantable Naltrexone pellets.
Naltrexone is a chemical tha blocks the effect of heroin anc others opoid taken in any form. I does not directly stop a persor wanting to use heroin, although it may reduce or prevent craving: in some people. The implant i: usually inserted under loca anaesthesia at lower abdomen o at back of the upper arm afte detoxification is over.
Disulfiram implant
Disulfiram is a drug that pro duces sensitivity to alcohol. I results in a highly unpleasan reaction when the patient unde treatment ingests even smal amounts of alcohol.
Disulfiram blocks the oxida
tion of alcohol to acetaldehydi during metabolism and pro duces highly unpleasant symp toms called disulfiram-alcoho reaction. Now a days, specialist! prefer Disulfiram implant rathe: than ingestion, which appears tc give effective blood levels foi twelve weeks on an average.
Advantages of using modernimplants
Makes relapse almost impossible while the implants art effective
Avoids the need to supervise and the arguments they can cause
Implants probably reduce craving even more than oral preparation because there is no points in craving for what you cant have
Disadvantages
Involves (minor) surgery and a small scar with temporary tenderness and bruising
•Occasional local infection or inflammation of implant site, usually responding to antibiotics
Initially more expensive than oral preparation
•Disulfiram implant has the risk of turning to other drugs as a substitute.
Although there are some drawbacks, these can be safely performed by adhering to current medical standards. The detoxification process is almost 100
percent effective in case of every one who undergoes this proce dure.
The ultra rapid opioid detoxifi cation, implantation of the Naltrexone and Disulfiram art modern modalities of treatmen for getting rid of addiction.
There is now a need for after care counseling to allow thor ough social integration anc psychotherapeutic technique' become much more effective.
It is essential to ensure that healthy and appropriate coping behaviours should be learned, rather than substituting other drugs for heroin and methadone
Ascertaining whether or not an individual is abusing or dependent on a drug was virtually impossible unless the person was caught using the drug.
Now, various drug testing kits are available that give instant results to diagnose abuse of drugs such as Opiates. Cannabis. Cocaine, Ecstasy, Sleeping Pills or Benzodiazepines, Barbiturates, Phencyclidine. Oxycontin and the stimulants such as Amphetamines and Methamphetamines. These are recommended if there is any doubt that a family member or student could be on drugs. The wrier is an Addctw Disorders 4 Rehabilitation Programme Speoal-st working at Prottoy Meccal Ltd E-mal drsatgbotrraJ com