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Tips to manage STD
Many people believe that they are not at risk for sexually transmitted diseases (STD). But STDs are the most common type of infection. Even people who have had only one sexual partner can have an STD. You are at risk if:
lYou or your partner have ever had another partner lYou do not know your partner's sexual history
1You have ever had unprotected sex
lYou have symptoms such as warts, sores, burning, or redness in your genital area. lIf you are at risk of being infected from unhygienic places, e.g. saloons where one blade is used for different people.
lIf you have a history of drug abuse. You are at high risk if you have a history of needle sharing.
Why talk with your health care provider?
Many people feel that talking about sexual health can be awkward or embarrassing. But there are good reasons to start the conversation. Some STDs can cause lasting damage or become more difficult to treat the longer you wait. Enlisting the help of your health care provider is the first step in diagnosing and treating any sexually transmitted disease--and protecting your sexual health.
How to start talking
You may expect your provider to ask you about your risk for STDs. But even if your provider does not ask, bring it up. Here are some ways to start talking:
What to tell your provider
Your provider needs to know some personal information about you so that she or he can assess your risk for STDs and decide what tests to order. You may want to talk to your provider about the following:
lYour sexual history
lYour current sexual practices
lAbout your condom use lAny symptoms you have lIf you could be pregnant. lYour personal lifestyle.
What to ask your provider about your sexual health
It may help to bring a list of questions to your office visit. You also may want to write down the information you learn. Following are some questions you may want to ask about your risk for STDs and how to protect yourself: lWhat is an STD?
lCould I have an STD and not know it?
lHow often should I be tested for STDs?
lShould I be tested for any STDs today?
lHow often should I have a Pap smear?
lHow can I protect myself and my partner from STDs?
lWhat change should I make and what precautions should I take to protect STD?
Tips for raising your comfort level
Most people feel more comfortable talking either before or after the exam-while they are fully dressed. Tell your provider you would like 10 to 15 minutes to discuss your health concerns. If your provider uses medical terms you do not understand, ask for an explanation. You have a right to understand words related to your health.
Ifyou are diagnosed with an STD
The good news is that all STDs can be treated or
cured. Those caused by bacteria (such as chlamydia or gonorrhea) can be cured with antibiotics. Those caused by a virus (such as herpes or HPV) cannot be cured, but they can be treated to relieve symptoms. lFollow your provider's treatment directions.
lAsk your provider about ways to avoid spreading the StD to a partner.
lTell your partner you have an STD. Ask your partner to get tested too.
lAvoid sex until both you and your partner have been treated.
lReturn for follow-up care if your provider asks you to.
lFollow the instructions of your provider about your lifestyle.
Coming to terms with how you feel
Many people are shocked or upset when they learn they have an STD. But remember, STDs are very common. Getting one does not mean you are bad or different. The most important step is to get help--by talking with your health care provider and learning what you need to know about how to protect yourself and others.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common STDs, so you may have specific concerns you want to discuss with your provider. Some types of HPV can cause genital warts--growths or bumps that appear on the penis, anus, vulva, vagina, cervix, or thigh. Other types of HPV infect the cervix, and can lead to cervical cancer unless the condition is treated. HPV often causes no symptoms.
HPV and Cervical Cancer
The types of HPV linked to cervical cancer are usually not the types that cause genital warts. But a woman with genital warts, like any other sexually active woman, should get yearly Pap smears. The Pap smear detects abnormal cells caused by HPV that can lead to cancer. With regular Pap smears and follow-up care, cervical cancer can almost always be prevented or cured.
How genital warts are treated
Because HPV is a virus, symptoms such as genital warts can be treated but not cured. The average patient may need a few treatments to clear genital warts. With all treatments, warts may recur.
Two types of treatment (imiquimod and podofilox) are creams or gels that can be applied by the patient at home. Other treatments (cryotherapy, podophyllin, TCA, and BCA) freeze or burn off the warts with chemicals. These treatments must be applied by a doctor. Treatments such as surgery and laser therapy must be performed by a doctor who has experience with these techniques.
What to ask your provider about treatments for genital warts lWhat treatment(s) do you recommend for my case? Why?
lWhat are the benefits of treatment?
lDoes this treatment cause pain, scarring, or other bad side effects?
lHow long does this treatment take?
lCan I apply this treatment myself?
lHow much does this treatment cost?
lWhat kind of follow-up will beneeded?