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Talks between Gujral, Sharif may end Indo-Pak deadlock
Mondays talks between Prime Minister Inder Kumar Gujral of India and Pakistan's Nawaz Sharif saw a subtle but significant shift when the two men agreed to form working groups to negotiate their problems.
In so doing. India agreed for the first time to discuss Kash-
MALE. May 13: On the sur face, the achievements of the first India-Pakistan summit in four years appear modest. But the meeting bridged a chasm of mistrust and created a mecha nism for tackling issues that threaten war, reports AP.
mir. the Himalayan territory claimed by both sides. And Pakistan agreed to de link Kashmir —- what it calls "the core issue” — from other problems like trade, boundary demarcations and visas.
"It Is a major step in a step-by step approach", said Shekhar Gupta, editor of the India fixpress, an influential daily. The talks this time were held In a spirit of realism"
Meeting on a tropical resort island in the Maldives. Gujral and Sharif agreed to set up a hot line between New Delhi and Islamabad. They also arranged to release (ailed fishermen who strayed into each other s waters and civilians who overstayed their visas.
Kashmir is an emotional issue for both countries. They have fought over it twice since the subcontinent was partitioned in 1947 at the end of British colonial rule. Kashmir now is divided between them.
A recent suggestion that the 30-year-old ceasefire line be recognised as a permanent bor der drew a barrage of protests in India. Pakistan constantly denounces alleged human rights abuses by the Indian army against Kashmir's populace.
Pakistan claims Kashmir because it has a Muslim major-
ity. It demands a referendum by residents on both sides of the Irontier to decide which country they want to belong to. India's claim to Kashmir is based on the decision by its Hindu ruler at the time to accede to India.
In India's state of Jammu-Kashmir. a Muslim Insurrection began in 1989 that so far has cost 16.000 lives. India accuses Pakistan of fomenting the rebellion with arms and training. Pakistan says its confines itself to diplomatic and moral support.
Kashmir almost triggered another war In 1990. with both sides capable of using nuclear weapons.
For both Gujral and Sharif, selling concessions to their politically volatile hardliners at home will not be easy.
Sharif, who won an overwhelming majority In last February's election, has the political muscle. Gujral. on the other hand, heads a shaky coalition of 16 parties, and is susceptible to pressure from powerful Hindu nationalists in the opposition.
Gujral "has to prepare public opinion and give it to them in small doses," said Inder Malhotra. an eminent Indian political commentator.
Also significant in this
summit was the presence of key officials, boosting confidence that the directives of the two leaders will not be diluted by reluctant civil servants or sluggish bureaucracies.
Nevertheless, positions on Kashmir remain fundamen-
tally opposed. Both sides see it as a cardinal issue of sovereignty. Even with good will, it would take a long time to resolve such a sensitive 50-year-old dispute.
But. as Pakistan's senior diplomat Shamshad Ahmad said. "Now at least both sides are talking to each other."