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Surge of immigration charts new demographic course for US
WASHINGTON, Apr 28: A surge of immigration from Asia. Africa and Latin America has charted a new demographic course for the United States, which is fast moving from overwhelmingly white to everything but.... reports AFP.
"We’ve never had this kind of diversity before, and neither has anyone else." said Philip Nyden, a sociologist at Loyola University.
The big question of the next century is, what kind of society is going to be? Is it everyone behind fences in walled communities, or is it going to be a genuinely multi-ethnic society?"
Last year, nearly one in 10 US residents was born elsewhere, up from one about on in 20 in 1970, according to a new census bureau study. By itself, that statistic is not a US record
high — after all, in 1910, nearly one in seven was born on foreign soil.
But whereas most immigrants at the start of the century were white and of European origin, today's immigrants are of all races, and mixed races, and hail from Mexico, the Philippines. China, Cuba and India.
By 2050, whites with European backgrounds and their offspring are expected to drop from a majority of just over 70 per cent to 48 per cent of the population. One quarter will be of Hispanic origin. 12.5 per cent black, and others — Aslans, indigenous native Americans and people of mixed race — accounting for the rest.
Before the 1960s imthlgra-tion laws that allotted immigrant visas in percentages mir-
roring the population that already was in the United States kept people from most of the developing world out. Those barriers fell in 1965 when congress overhauled the laws and opened the door to the world.
Under the new law, workers with special skills as well as relatives of legal citizens were ushered In regardless of their nationalities.
Demographer Richard Barrett said Congress thought it would draw most new immigrants from the special skills category, and a much smaller number under the reunification measure.
'The expectation was that most of those who did bring in their families would be European." he said.
In fact, just the opposite happened.
"In the first wave, we were picking the brains of the third world", Barrett said. 'The next wave in the mid-70s was the close relatives of that first group. And then those newcomers had relatives as well, and it just kept expanding like a ,p yr amid.”
The Immigration Is rapidly turning the United States into a country with "brown edges and a white middle," according to author Dale Maharidge.
The west, led by California, already is the nation's most divers region. But the northeast is holding its own, with Asians. Isatin Americans and Africans taking the place of whites drifting west and south.
For the most part, the deep
south remains black and white with the exception of big cities such as Atlanta, Georgia.
And the midwest is a throw-back to the 1950s: 90 per cent white and 10 per cent black.
This country is going to be balkanised". warns William Frey, Director of the University of Michigan Population Studies Centre.
Politicians have reacted by embracing limits on immigration that resonated with voters fearing a massive expansion of federal benefits to help poorer jobless newcomers with large •families.
A 1994 census bureau study shows a more nuanced picture of the newcomers.
Some 12 per cent of immigrants over the age of 25. for example, have earned graduate degrees against eight per cent of
those born on US soil. And while immigrant women of child-bearing age have slightly more children than native-born women, the difference is slight: 1.5 children against 1.2 children.
On the other hand, recent immigrants are more likely than native-borns to be unemployed. and their average salary is 8.000 dollars a year — about half of what native-born residents earn.
Especially hard-hit are African refugees and immigrants, said Erku Ylmer, Director of the Ethiopian Community Association in northeast Chicago.
"It's a very complex situation, language and race combined. and there's anti-immigrant feeling out there as well", Ylmer said.