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Indians turn English into a map of subcontinental landscape
NEW DELHI, India. Feb 7: Sixteen decades after the British introduced English in India, this ancient land has changed the language in ways that often perplex English speakers from other countries. reports AP.
Indians have turned English into a road map of the subcontinent's complex social, ethnic, religious, cultural and geographic landscape.
For instance, a fathe* might place a matrlmoriial advertisement In a newspaper seeking a "mutual alliance.” It means he wants to find spouses for his son and daughter from the same family. That way. the son can protect his sister from abuse by in-laws, a common problem in India.
Or you might overhear and Indian inviting his "cousin
brother" to a “military hotel" located on a "kutcha road" and where people eat on "dining leafs." He wants to take his male cousin to a nonvegetarian restaurant on a dirt road where the food Is served on banana leaves.
Indians often sit down at work for meals they bring from home in "tiffin-carriers." their term for metal lunch boxes.
They are proud to talk about "America-returned" or "England-returned" relatives — those who have "worked or studied there. But most would be too embarrassed to discuss a relative who en-geged in "Intermarriage" or ' interdining," meaning marrying or dining across caste boundaries."
And what is someone from American or Britain to make or newspaper headlines like
"55 Jhuggis Gutted" or "Striking Workers Gherao thir Bosses?" The first story is about a fire that burned shacks, and the latter reports on strikers who surrounded their bosses.
With English known for picking up words and phrases from other languages, it is not surprising India's version has taken its own [ath. Indian is home 24 anguages that are each spoken by at least 1 million people. and there are many other languages and dialects among its 900 million people.
It Is hard to find Indians who don't speak at least three or four languages. And many comply witn India s intricate social hierarchy and caste system by using a varf ety of styles and dialects, de pending on the social situa-
tion they are in.
India's constitution offi dally recognises 18 languages. but it gives top billing to Hindi and English.
Hindi Is India's official language, even though it is the primary tongue of only about 30 per cent of the pro pie. English Is the "associate" official language
As many as 90 million Indians speak English fluently, and maqy others finish school at least knowing how to read and understand some of it Many linguists believe South Asia is now the world's third most populous English speaking region, behind America and Britain.
Radio stations. Indian movies and even newscast on state owned Doordarshan TV often switch back and forth from Hindi to English, some times phrase by pnrase
Even though the British rulers pulled out in 1947. English Is considered the most important language for national, political and com mercial communication.
Because of that. English is seen as the gateway to a good career and social status, no matter what language people grow up speaking Competi tion for college positions and Jobs is intense, and the top private schools all teach In English
That does:i t mean English has no enemies
Indian nationalists, espe chilly during election cam pmgris. criticise it as a holdover from the colonial past and condemn officials who often use ft during pub lie appearances Some nolitl clans respond by condemn ing English In public then
quietly send their children to schools that teach in it.
Many of India s states work hard to preserve their regional languages by Insist ing that teachers In public elementary schools use them
But highly regarded Indian authors such as Vikram Seth and Anita Desai, no longer feel sheepish about writing in English rather than an Indian language as nationalists once demanded
And even Bal Thackeray one ol India s most right wing politic tans recently said his Shiv Sena party would run educated and English spea king candidate# In this spr Ing s parliamentary elections to bolster the party# Image
Braj B Kacnru. a professor of linguistics al the UnIver slty of Illinois says English la In India to stay