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The Way Animals Communicate

A dog with a beef bone stuck in its throat was not allowed to have it extracted by the mistress of the house when the son came to know of it. She feared the animal would sink its fangs into the teenager's hand. But when the youth was alone, the dog came to him with its eyes left no doubt as to the relief being sought. The teenager put his hand Into the effected throat and tugged out the bone.

by Jamal Arsalan
IN Aesop fables and the ancient folk tales of every country animals art depicted as being able to talk among themselves and with human being*. The reality of their commuttlcattve ability has long been under study not only to know if they do communicate but also to leam the various forms of communication possible and what It means to different species.
Communicating with ant nials for commercial benefit Is not anything new. Shepherds haw been using sheep dogs for ages. Certain breeds show themselves lo be more adept than others. Talking to the dog. whistling or using hand signals is not always necessary. Sometimes the master and the dog — though working at a distance with the herd of sheep scattered between them — perform so harmoniously, it would seem they were in telepathic communication. At other times the sheep dog works Independently but just as tts master would have desired. This tendency can also be seen among cow ponies or horses used to herd cattle. A good horse docs not always have to be led by the reins or knees Sensing the riders Commands, it can anticipate the bull or the cow's probable movement and act accordingly.
Communication occurs at various levels from a mental communion to recognition of oral Instructions. Those who bring up free moving hens' in their yard know how hens Come running when one makes a particular noise. Sometimes the sound of the back door being opened is sufficient to send them scurrying Up. While there is no doubt as to the ability of animals to comprehend communication cues, some human researchers try to relegate such behaviour to low key Intelligence level. There - ■ - to be f 'ar tha human s^.-enonty will evapo Bale If other beings are shown tp have a modicum of commu nlcative ability.
■ Events experienced by many persons testify to the competence of animals to convey their wants or needs. A dog with a beef bone stuck In its throat was not allowed lo have it extracted by the mistress of the house when the son came to know of It. She feared the animal would sink its fangs Into the teenager's hand. But when the youth was alone, the dog came to him with its eyes left no doubt as to the relief being sought. The teenager put his hand into the affected throat and tugged out the
A famous Austrian naturalist was at a railway station. Hearing a familiar honking he looked up at the sky. A flick of wild geese were In flight. He seemed to recognize one which he had brought up. Without thinking, he raised his head and let out a piercing yell corresponding to the summons of such a bird, as he had often done when the goose was staying with him. The sudden ear-splitting incoherent shout caused immediate consterna-
tion at the station. Men jumped, women fainted or fell into the arms of their escort. Officials were just wondering If this was an escaped asylum inmate and they would have to secure him. Mercifully though the naturalist was a rather large individual Just then the embarrassed scientist found to
his intense relief that the bird halted in mid-flight, gave a cry of recognition and folding both wings dived Into his arms to nestle against him fondly. Terror among the naturalist's neighbours now gave way to understanding and wonder. The naturalist was most pleased by the fact that the bird had remembered him and been able to recognize his voice and person.
Farley Mowat? another naturalist, reports the intensive "Variety and range" of sounds made by the wolves he was
studying in the wilds of the Canadian icy north. Only human beings have such a wide vocabulary; In his experience actually elephants and dolphins are among several species which rival the wolves. The wolves communicate with words' beyond the range of human heating as well as "howls, walls, quavers, whines, grunts, growls, yips and barks." As is known soundless whis-
tles pitch calls only one s dog can tunc on to and bats use calls too low for human cars as radars lo guide them to fruit trees and the delectable fruits.
Farley's Investigations were aided by Ootek, and Eskimo, who understood wolf talk At first. Farley with all of a civilised' man's skepticism did
not believe in any wolf language. One clear, calm day Ootek told Farley joyfully the caribou or reindeer were returning south as reported by a wolf from hills five miles to the north. The wolf had not seen the caribou himself, he was relaying another wolfs sighting. Farley's study wolf listened then passed on the message: "a long, quavering howl.-" Farley believed the wolf was saying something after having heard the other wolf but he could not accept Ootck's explanation. To his amazement the hard-
headed trapper Mike, who was part Eskimo, set off on a two to three day walk through the Tundra on Ootek s words It must be mentioned that at this stage of Fark-y and Ootck's relationship. neither knew enough of the other's language for adequate conversation. Mike was their interpreter. Farley tried to stop Mike from a pointless Journey Into the cold. Mike heard him but did not answer. He came back three days later with vcnslon
and a pot of caribou tongues to announce the caribou herd had been exactly where described! Farley regarded the incident as a coincidence.
The next occasion Ootek reported, via Mike, that the previous day when Mike had been absent, the study wolf had calk’d his wife early In the
night to tell her the hunting was unsatisfactory. He would return about the middle of the next day. Farley was fairly shaken by this for when the wolf returned al 12:17, very' exhausted. Ootek was fast asleep. The next Incident brought conviction. Farley during his observation saw the wolf listening to a message that did not appear to Interest him. He did not reply or pass the news. Bul Ootek was highly exited. With Mike absent he could not make Farley understand. Exasperated he left the
surprised naturalist and srent off north-west. That evening the wolves instead of their usual hunting route went off exactly opposite to Ootek's route. Ootek turned up later with three "bashful friends, all grinning" and shy at their first meeting with this white stranger who was interested In knowing about wolves On Mikes' return, the naturalist learnt that Ootek had heard the wolf on the five mile Hills report the "passage" of these Eskimos through his territory. Ootek had gone to meet them alone being unable to make Farley understand.
Among other Nature's creations. it is thoroughly documented how a worker bee dances' to let other workers know when a treasure trove of flowers has been found. Vervct monkeys when sounding a leopard alarm call causes the tr^be of monkeys to take to the tree tops.
Communication with dolphins or killer whales may allow the harvesting of fishes in the seas and oceans of the fu-l tires like sheep or cattle on land. Feeding the dolphins would be a lot easier than sheep dogs or horses experts opine, since one could simply give them a share of ihe harvest from the seas. Today the mass of research on animal communication Is so voluminous. it is no more a matter If they do communicate among themselves but whether they can perceive of themselves as individuals — ample evidence support this fully — and whether they can shape their environment lo make living more comfortable. Carrying out and action in the present to reap benefits In the future Is present among animals, not on an instinctive species basis but Individual-wise. So a sea otter may carry a rock under Its arm pit for future use having found by the (very human) trial-and -error process that a particular rock Is better than other rocks to dig up clams from sea bottoms — here the rock works as a crow bar. The same rock is used lo crack open the clam shell: now the rock is a hammer As a naturalist wryly remarked that one should try telling any member of the cat family, from domestic cats to a tigress or a lioness, that they cannot communicate' and all one would get would be a haughty stare, while they car ried on with their task of teaching or training their offsprings to hunll Hunting Is not natural to cats as other predators. The young ones have lo be taught, or some of them may starve and die.