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World economic activity declined in '91
WASHINGTON. Sept 20 : World economic activity declined 0.3 per cent in 1991. the International Monetary Fund said here, owing to reductions in output in some industrial countries, the sharp drop in output in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, and stagnation In the Middle East, reports Xinhua.
The IMF said in its annual report 1992 released Thursday that in contrast, the develop ing countries In Africa. Asia and Latin America experienced stronger growth last year relative to 1990.
"Despite the market stow down in much of the industrial world," the report said, "Gross Domestic Product growth tn the developing countries aver aged 3.25 per cent in 1991. About the same as In 1990 while inflation was halved to a little over 40 per cent.
This maintenance of growth in the face of weakness in the Industrial countries is attributed partly to reductions in macroeconomic imbalance and structural reforms in many countries.
These Improvements in policy Implementation helped to strengthen domestic demand by enhancing the confidence of both consumes and investors tn the mediumterm prospects of a number of countries, particularly in Latin America.
"Moreover, the decline international interest rates alleviated- the heavy costs of scr vice in external debt, and there were signs that Inflows of foreign capital had begun to recover In some countries." the report said.
However, the initial stage of the transition to a market economy in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union have been marked by output losses that have been greater than anticipated, partly because of the profound dlstor tlons that existed under the previous system.
The drop In output In the two regions since 1989 is es-timated to have reached 20 per cent, and for some coun tries it has exceeded 35 per cent.
According to the report, economic growth tn the industrial countries declined from 2.5 per cent in 1990 to less than one per cent in 1991
The slowdown reflected recessions in Canada, the United
Stales and Britain, and a num ber of smaller industrial countries, as well as a deceleration of growth in Japan and Germany from unsustalnably high rates in 1990
The weakness tn industrial countries was assx lated with adjustments in private sector financial positions, a renewed worsening of consumer confidence in most of the major industrial countries, especially the United States, relatively high real interest rates in Germany and the rest of Europe, and a sharp deceleration in fixed Investments tn Japan.
"Reflecting the weakness in economic activity, the average rate of unemployment in the industrial countries increased from 6.25 per cent in 1990 to seven per cent in 1991". the report said
Consumer price inflation in industrial countries moderated Jo 4.5 per cent tn 1991 from nearly five per cent in 1990. reflecting the slack in product and labour markets in most countries.