& çâÌæÚUæð´ ·¤è ¥ôÚU Îð¹Ùæ ÁæÚUè ÚU¹ð´ ¥ÍæüÌ ¥ÂÙð ÜÿØ ÂÚU ŠØæÙ ÚU¹ð´Ð ãæÚU Ù ×æÙð´, €UØô´ç·¤ ·¤æ× ·¤ÚUÙð âð ¥æÂ·¤ô ©gðàØ ·¤è Âýæç# ãôÌè ãñ ¥õÚU ÁèßÙ ·¤æ ¹æÜèÂÙ ÎêÚU ãôÌæ ãñÐ ÖÜð ãè ÁèßÙ ×ð´ ç·¤ÌÙè Öè ·¤çÆÙæ§ü €UØô´ Ù ¥æ°, çÁ™ææâæ ¥õÚU ©ˆâæã ÕÙæ° ÚU¹ð´Ð ŠØæÙ ÚU¹ð´, ÜÿØ ã×ðàææ ¥æÂ·Ô¤ Âæâ ãôÌð ãñ´ çÁ‹ãð´ ÂæÙð ·Ô¤ çÜ° ÂýØæâ ¥æÂ ·¤Öè Öè àæéM¤ ·¤ÚU â·¤Ìð ãñ´Ð

Need for Protection against Radiation
THE number of major radiation sources used in research, medicine, agriculture and Industry continues to grow and. while the overall safety record has been good- it is essential to ensure that users and regulatory authorities, particularly in developing countries, continue to be able to meet their re apo risibilities.
The emphasis of the Agency's radiation safety efforts are shifting towards encouraging the Implementation of existing radiation protection guidance for normal circumstances and towards developing and applying radiation safety principles for proba-biltstlc and de facto situations.
A recently completed revision by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (1CRP) of its basic recommendations on radiation protection has necessitated a revision of the IAEA basic safety standards for radiation protection To facilitate the task, an interagency commit tee on radiation safety was formed tn 1990
An International symposium on radiation protection infrastructure examined radiation protection regulations, notification. registration, licensing. Inspection and control pro grammes. national infrastruc lures and approaches which have proved to be effective: education and training; the role of professional assorts tions; the contributions of radiation protection services such as personal dosimetry; and International activities.
The basic conclusion of the symposium was that many countries, particularly least developed ones, still lack the necessary Infrastructure to Implement a safety policy based on international recommendations.
The principles underlying the system of dose limitation can form the basts for planning intervention In the event of an accident.
Therefore, a revision of the safety scries on the Issue which establishes the principles for the protection of workers and the public tn the event of an accident, and guidance for their implementation was required and completed In 1990.
Regional co-operation on radiation safety continued in close collaboration with national technical co-operation projects in 1990 to strengthen radiation safety capabilities In developing Member States.
Radiation protection adri sory team (RAPAT) missions to review infrastructure needs and to define long-term strategies for technical assistance and co-operation were
conducted In Bolivia, the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya. Roma nia. Srl Lanka, and Uruguay
Radiation protection service activities Increased In 1990 with personal monitoring scr rices previously provided by WHO to some least developed countries being taken over by the Agency
For monitoring or assess ment purposes, as part of the project to assess the radioing! cal consequences of Chernobyl. 8000 French film dosimeters were distributed and some 10.000 whole body counts were performed
Work continued on prepa ration of three safety scries publications on assessment of the occupational Intake of radloacUve materials, rapid mon ttoring of large groups of to-ternally contaminated people, and direct methods for mea suring radionuclides in man
Environmental assessment and protection
In recognition of the global concern over the Issue of radon, and In response to requests from 56 Member States, the Agency Initiated. Jointly with the Commission of the European Communities (CEC), a research programme on radon in the human enri
ronment.
The International programme will co ordinate research efforts to quantify the Impact of radon on man and will focus on international In-ter-callbratlon and Intercomparison of radon measurement technology, standardization of large scale radon survey techniques. Institutionalized exchange of Information on radon levels, dosimetric methods. and associated risk assessment, and radon mitigation techniques through research co-ordination meetings; and establishment of an international databank on radon
The IAEA transport rcgula tlons were amended In 1990 to Include new, more strlngcnl provisions for the air transport of large quantities of radioac Uve materials. This was to pro ride the same level of protec tlon for all modes of transport
Data on the number of shipments, exposures due to transport activities, and accidents and mishaps were essential for assessing the effectiveness of transport regulations. Therefore, progress 1n this area continues in the compilation of a new directory of competent authority ap prnval certificates, and database on accidents and in cidents, and data collection on the number of shipments of radioactive materials
In addition, the production of an International computer code for the assessment of the risks of transport operations under normal as well as nuclear accident conditions was pursued under a research programme aimed at the development of probabilistic safety assessment techniques
Emergency planning and preparedness
A comprehensive exercise of the Agency’s emergency response system (ERS) was conducted in 1990 following extensive training of agency staff The exercise resulted in modifications to procedures.
The Agency began development of specific guidance for Member States and international organizations for managing Information and data exchanges during an accident or emergency to avoid confu slon and promote the purposes of the conventions on early notification and assistance
Interagency arrangements were concluded with the World Meteorological Organ! zatlon (WMOI and the World I Icalth Organization (WHO) for support In the event of a nuclear accident. WMO would provide predictions of the plume path and the expected magnitude of radioactive con lamination In the early hours after an accidental release of radioactive materials, while WHO will provide emergency medical advice and assistance following radiological accidents.
Control of radiation sources
The Agency has strengthened its activities in the safe use, control, and manufacture of radiation sources, with special emphasis on training and development of practical guidance for competent authorities, users, and manufacturers.
Exposure assessment and handling
As a follow up to the implementation of the new 1CRP recommendations to establish the annual limits on intake for the public, the Agency began preparation of a report on intake coefficients for radionu2 elides in food.
A new research programme was begun on the use of natural materials for dose assessments using solid state dosimetry techniques with natural and commonly available materials for accidental dosimetry.
- (IAEA)