& çâÌæÚUæð´ ·¤è ¥ôÚU Îð¹Ùæ ÁæÚUè ÚU¹ð´ ¥ÍæüÌ ¥ÂÙð ÜÿØ ÂÚU ŠØæÙ ÚU¹ð´Ð ãæÚU Ù ×æÙð´, €UØô´ç·¤ ·¤æ× ·¤ÚUÙð âð ¥æÂ·¤ô ©gðàØ ·¤è Âýæç# ãôÌè ãñ ¥õÚU ÁèßÙ ·¤æ ¹æÜèÂÙ ÎêÚU ãôÌæ ãñÐ ÖÜð ãè ÁèßÙ ×ð´ ç·¤ÌÙè Öè ·¤çÆÙæ§ü €UØô´ Ù ¥æ°, çÁ™ææâæ ¥õÚU ©ˆâæã ÕÙæ° ÚU¹ð´Ð ŠØæÙ ÚU¹ð´, ÜÿØ ã×ðàææ ¥æÂ·Ô¤ Âæâ ãôÌð ãñ´ çÁ‹ãð´ ÂæÙð ·Ô¤ çÜ° ÂýØæâ ¥æÂ ·¤Öè Öè àæéM¤ ·¤ÚU â·¤Ìð ãñ´Ð

Women Scientists Rise to the Top
PROFESSOR Chen Zhe often feels lonely when attending’ conventions of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in the United States.
Prof Chen, of the Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, says there are very few women among the 24.000 senior members of IEEE. Often the only other woman at IEEE conventions Is her university colleague Mao Jianqln. Both are senior members of the IEEE.
Prof Chen feels proud though that most of IEEE's female senior members are from China. "We Chinese women have shown our power in the science world,' she says.
A scholar tn robotics, she is known for her achievements in the field of automatic control and guidance. The professor has published 30 books and 24 theses since 1986. Her paper on robot control presented at an international conference won a top prize from the International Federation of Automatic Control in 1987.
China has some 206.600 women in the natural sciences. They make up 38.4 per cent of the country's research force, according to the State Science and Technology Commission.
A number of them have accomplishments that have either been recognised as breakthroughs or elevated China's status In particular fields.
Line Lanylng. one of the first members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and vice-chairperson of the China Association for Science and Technology, succeeded in having a single crystal of gal-Hum arsenide manufactured in one of China's space satellites in 1987. thus acquiring the world's first such material developed In space. She has led China s research on semiconductors, enabling China — a late starter In the field — to keep abreast of research progress In developed countries.
Prof Zhang Yan of the Bel Jing Institute of Meteorology has studied disastrous weather. flood-causing torrential rain and mcso-scale heavy rain for years, earning the :.unc "conqueror of the meteorological cancer (torrential rain)." Her name appears In the International Who's Who of Intellectuals published in Britain.
Women scholars have also cut paths in high technology territories, More than 400 women researchers form the backbone of astronautlc experiments at the Xichang Satellite Launching Centre In Southwest China's Sichuan province.
Sophisticated nuclear technology is employed by women scientists at the Chinese Atomic Energy Research Institute to do fuel analysis, analysis of nuclear missile loading and radiation chemistry.
Under of China's feudal value system, a woman's virtue lay in her Ignorance, so that very few girls went to school In the old days Before the founding of the new China In 1949. 90 per cent of women were illiterate.
Statistics In 1931 compiled by the Civil Affairs Office in East China's Jiansu province, a comparatively developed region. showed that women made up only 0.37 per cent of engineers. 5.1 per cent of teachers and 3.16 per cent of medical doctors.
Since 1949 about 110 million illiterate women have learned to read and write. The number of female students has gone up 53 times in high school and 29 times in college.
China's literacy rate Is 73.5 per cent, according to the UN Educational. Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO). It has a 24-1 pupilteacher ratio. In 1987. 7.2 per cent of high school students were enrolled in technical and vocational courses. About 190 In every 100,000 Chinese en-
tered college.
In 1985. China expenditure on education was 2.7 per cent of GNP. According to UNESCO, in 1980 China allocated 6.1 per cent of its total government budget to education.
Zhao Yufen. a noted chemist and the youngest CAS member, believes that women have an edge In scientific research. We are more scrupulous and persevering, which often proves critical to important discoveries." she says.
She broke new ground when she proposed, for the first time In the world, that the phosphoryl group is the fundamental centre of all life substances. The role of the phosphoryl group has long been neglected by life chemists, and is significant in both basic sciences and bioengineering.
Because of their outstanding performance, a number of women scienUsts have risen to leading posts. CAS has 286 women directors of research offices. Almost half of the 112 key topics of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences are led by women, in national defence circles, hundreds of female researchers are leading officers or lab directors.
Zhu Ltlan. an established chemist and former director of the Chemistry Institute under CAS. now supervises the major part of China's high-tech programme as vice-minister of the State Science and Technology Commission.
Like other career women, scientists have not been spared the burden of attending to both Job and home.
Zhu Lilan says she copes by simplifying the housework routine. Mao Jianqln calls for cooperation from other family members and. when she was working for her doctorate, relied on her husband and son to take on more household chores.
Most women scientists enjoy a harmonious family life, says Mao. "We would not get anywhere in our career if fam ily fife is marred."
What is upsetting, she says, is invisible sex discrimination |n the workplace.
She points to the pyramid shape of the numbers of female scienltsts at different levels — the higher the level, the fewer womeh scholars one will find. Although women makeup about one-third of CAS research personnel. they hold hardly 10 per cent of senior titles.
But while opposing gender bias, women scientists should be more aggressive and enterprising says Zhu Ulan. "We should first do our Job well, rather than wait for someone else to liberate us."
— Depthnews Asia