& çâÌæÚUæð´ ·¤è ¥ôÚU Îð¹Ùæ ÁæÚUè ÚU¹ð´ ¥ÍæüÌ ¥ÂÙð ÜÿØ ÂÚU ŠØæÙ ÚU¹ð´Ð ãæÚU Ù ×æÙð´, €UØô´ç·¤ ·¤æ× ·¤ÚUÙð âð ¥æÂ·¤ô ©gðàØ ·¤è Âýæç# ãôÌè ãñ ¥õÚU ÁèßÙ ·¤æ ¹æÜèÂÙ ÎêÚU ãôÌæ ãñÐ ÖÜð ãè ÁèßÙ ×ð´ ç·¤ÌÙè Öè ·¤çÆÙæ§ü €UØô´ Ù ¥æ°, çÁ™ææâæ ¥õÚU ©ˆâæã ÕÙæ° ÚU¹ð´Ð ŠØæÙ ÚU¹ð´, ÜÿØ ã×ðàææ ¥æÂ·Ô¤ Âæâ ãôÌð ãñ´ çÁ‹ãð´ ÂæÙð ·Ô¤ çÜ° ÂýØæâ ¥æÂ ·¤Öè Öè àæéM¤ ·¤ÚU â·¤Ìð ãñ´Ð

Making the Best use of Radiation Biology and Radiotherapy
Activities relating to radiation biology applications tn radiotherapy as well as in other fields of human health-care significance are well represented in the research contract programme, with four CRPs ongoing and three completed in 1990. One current CRP. carried out under RCA and funded by the government of Japan, Is aimed at introducing computerized dosimetry and databases tn radiotherapy of carcinoma of the cervix in Asian countries.
Cancer of the cervix is the most common female malignancy in most countries of the
CRP region. Among the three major treatment modes, such as surgery, chemoand radiotherapy. the preferred treatment of choice Is radiotherapy which often provides better clinical results and less morbidity compared with radical surgery or other forms of treatment.
Personal computers (expert systems) with suitable software for teletherapy (radiation treatment administered by using a sealed radioisotopic source that Is at a distance from the target tumour) and brachytherapy (radiation treatment using a sealed ra-
dioisotope source in direct contact with the tumour) now are easily available at affordable costs and can be Introduced through multi-institutional CRPs among radiotherapy centres in the developing CRA Member States.
It is envisaged that the CRP ultimately will lead to an Improved and more uniform status of approach towards the management of cancer of the cervix by radiotherapy in the ItCA region, and assessment of treatment results to sustain further improvement.
Experience would be shared with other developing
countries, particularly in Africa, where carcinoma of the cervix still constitutes a major cause of death among the female population.
Another global CRP on computer-assisted radiotherapy planning for tumours of the head and neck has been Initiated.
Cancers of the head and neck constitute on the average 10 to 20% of malignant tumours in most countries. These ratios generally arc even higher in the developing countries.
Many head and neck tumours seem to associate definitive disease-causing factors and geographic distribution patterns. Of the head and neck cancer types, those In the nasopharynx, oral cavity, and larynx are the most common In developing countries according lo the statistics.
This CRPs work programme Is designed to improve the quality of radiotherapy techniques for head and neck tumours of the three specified sites.
Efforts are being made to optimize the treatment technique by combining brachytherapy and external radiotherapy with use of personal computers (expert systems).
A programme pertaining to radiobiological effects of low-dose and low-dose-rate radiation. with emphasis on capability development for quantitative assessment of their potential impacts on human health and on radiological protection criteria, has been initiated tn a new CRP.
The linearity of radlatlon-dose-cffects relations, starting from the zero dose, presup; poses identical mechanistic involvement of specified radiobiological effects at low-and higher-dose levels. Contrary to this are the progressively growing literature reports on the stimulatory (adaptive response) effect* of pre-expo-sure to very low-dose radiation on the enhanced resistance to a subsequently delivered higher challenge dose. — (IAEA!