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US opposes Ghali's proposal for a UN military force
UNITED NATIONS. June 20: A proposal by Secretary General Boutros Boutros-Ghali on Friday for a UN military force appears to have run Into opposition from the United States, though Russia shows signs of supporting the idea, reports Reuter.
While governments have not commented officially on the proposal, a letter to Boulroa-Ghall from the US Stale Department indicates considerable reservations about the permanent stand-by force that would be supplied by member states.
The UN chiefs proposal was one of the highlights of a 52-page report on preventive diplomacy, peace making and peace keeping requested by world leaders at a Brillsh-or-
ganlsed Security Council summit meeting In January.
In the report Boutros-Ghali draws a distinction between peace-keeping forces, which the United Nations has deployed for decades, usually after a ceasefire and with Ihc consent of pre-empt or halt a conflict.
The ready availability of armed forces could serve as a means of deterring aggression since all states would be aware that the Security Council "had at its disposal a means of response." Boutros-Ghali wrote.
"Such units from member slates would be available on call and would consist of troops that have volunteered for such service. They would have to be more heavily armed than peace keeping forces and
would need to undergo extensive preparatory training within their national forces," he said.
This Is provided for under Article 43 of the UN Charter, bul has never been involved because of cold war tensions. Il would also involve the activation of the UN military staff committee, which has also remained virtually dormant since the United Nations was founded In 1945.
But Boutros-Ghali indicated that such a force could not cope with conflicts among major powers with advanced weaponry.
"Forces under Article 43 may perhaps never be sufficiently large or well enough equipped to deal with a threat from a major army equipped
with sophisticated weapons. They would be useful, however, in meeting any threat posed by n military force of a less order," he wrote.
Before the report was Issued, John Bolton, ihc US Assistant Secretary of State for International Organisations, cautioned against organising military forces under Article 43.
"You arc aware of our reservations concerning both activation of the military staff committee and UN secretariat involvement in negotiating agreements providing the Security Council military forces under Article 43 of the charter," he said in an unpublished letter.
In contrast, a letter from Russian Foreign Minister An-
drei Kozyrev said Moscow was considering proposals to create “rapid-response contin-gents which could be recruited on a contracting basis from within special forces of different countries.”
"It could by itself become an important factor of discouraging potential aggressions and other breaching of peace." said Kozyrev.
At the January summit. President Francois Mitterrand had offered French troops Immediately on a stand-by ba-
The European Community endorsed this idea but gave no details on the institutional form for such troops.
Other key points made by Boutros-Ghali include.
States should consider pay-
ing for peace-keeping forces out of defence rather than foreign affairs budgets. Proposals arc already circulating tn the US government, which is consistently in arrears, of having the Pentagon rather than the State Department pay. He also suggested Interest on unpaid peace-keeping dues and a UN endowment fund with a target of 1 billion US,dollars
Slates should supply to tne United Nations Intelligence on conflicts so he could attempt to settle disputes by diplomatic means before war breaks out. But he did not ask for a separate UN intelligence ser-^l-le. could consider accepting decisions and binding arbitration by the international court of Justice without reser vations by the year 2000