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Deadlock in Cambodia
The deadlock facing the UN Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) in persuading the Khmer Rouge faction to place its guerrillas under the peacekeepers' supervision in readiness for disarmament Is neither the first nor the last hurdle encountered by the world body in com plettng its mission in the strife torn country Maybe the situation is not entirely hopeless since the other three factions have agreed to regroup their forces tn specially designated areas on schedule Again, in Sydney, the Australian Foreign Minister Gareth Evans, often described as the architect of the peace plan, regards the reluctance of the Khmer Rouge to follow the agreed schedule as a kind of brinkmanship, aimed at maximising its position before the peace process actually gets off the ground
Coming weeks will show whether one should share the cautious optimism of Evans or the growing concern expressed by UNTAC's chief. Yasushi Akashi who has hinted that the UN forces could resort to armed attack If they are attacked or obstructed by the Khmer Rouge in carrying out their duties. However, he hastened to point out that an armed response by the UN could be the "last resort", while the military commander of the operation. General John Sanderson stressed that the UN peacekeepers lacked the necessary mandate to enforce the plan.
The Cambodian mission which had always been a delicate one is also turning dangerous. A Bangladeshi soldier, one of 850 members of the country's contingent serving with the UN peacekeeping force, has Just suffered serious injuries in his eyes in a mine blast. It is the first accident of its kind. Let us hope that it will be the last.
How the UNTAC continues to tackle the problems in carrying out its assignment, on the basis of the peace plan, remains to be seen. But a number of questions can no longer be avoided.
One question relates to the need for-taking the matter back to the Security Council for a new mandate that strengthens the authority of UNTAC in dealing with the Khmer Rouge. However. Akashi may like to give the dissident faction a bit more time to change Its mind — and strategy.
Meanwhile, the UN Secretary General. Dr Boutros Ghali has emphasised the need for strengthening the powers of the Security Council and even hinted at the possibility of the world body setting up a standing UN peace-keeping army that, on a short notice, can deal with an emergency situation. The proposal relating to the powers of the Security Council, together with the idea of enlarging Its composition. Is part of an ongoing discussion. The talk of the UN setting up a permanent army of its own has been heard before. but never seriously pursued.
The deadlock in Cambodia raises new questions of the UN effectiveness, under its existing rules Situations which are more difficult than one tn Cambodia exist in the Balkan region, especially in the former Yugoslavia, as well as between Armenia and Azerbaijan in what was once Soviet Union. At this moment, the United Nations cannot enter into these areas to prevent further chaos and bloodshed, unless the world body is given more powers, if not a standing peacekeeping force of its own. Herein lies some logic behind the proposals of Dr Ghali.