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Earth Summit concludes with little progress
RIO DE JANEIRO. June 14: The earth Summit wrapped up Sunday after 12 days of often bitter negotiations, with a consensus that some progress was made but much more money is needed, reports AP.
Many said the real impact of the conference can't be gauged for months, may be years.
As most of the more than 100 presidents, prime ministers and kings who attended the summit headed home, del • gates met to approve documents the conference produced. Brazilian President Fernando Collor de Mello opened the final three-hour session at 10.15 am local time (1315 GMT]
US chief delegate William K Reilly, who took the heat for Washington s opposition to key treaties, said the summit s im portance would depend on whether participants and the public make sure provisions to preserve the environment arc enforced
The two weeks of intense press coverage and attention really encouraged publics everywhere to take this sc ri ousty." said Reilly, who also heads the US Environmental
Protection Agency
Jeremy Leggett of Greenpeace International said two key documents — one to curb gk>ba) wanning and another to protect endangered plants and animals "represent the first step in a 10,000-meter race."
A major stumbling block has been money: who will provide it and how it will be spent. Though the richer nations — with the notable exception of the United States — committed billions of dollars to help poor countries with serious environmental and economic problems, both sides agree that's hardly enough.
Japan said Saturday it will Increase its development aid by dlrs 400 million a year, to dlrs 1.4 billion. Germany and France promised to raise their contributions to 0.7 per cent of their gross national prod ucts by the year 2000
Nevertheless. Malaysian Industry Minister Keng Yaik Lim called those offers "a pit tance In comparison with what is needed to repair environmental damage and over come poverty .
Prime Minister Gro Harlem
Brundtland of Norway seemed to agree.
"We are disappointed by the lack of adequate financial commitment's made." she said in a speech to the dozens of presidents, prime ministers and kings assembk-d Saturday.
The heart of the summiL which gathered the largest number of world leaders ever for a group photo Saturday, was Intended to call attention to the environment as an urgent international issue — and to agree on how to fix ft.
The summit accomplished some things. Some ISO na Hons, Including the United States, signed a treaty that might — If carried odt — de crease the emissions that contribute to the global warming phenomenon.
The 12-natlon European Community and Japan went further. They promised to limit carbon dioxide emissions, which contribute to global warming, at the 1990 level by the year 2000
Another 150 nations, but not the United States, signed a companion Treaty to protect species of animals and plants
in danger of extinction.
Consent was overwhelming on a broad, non-binding statement of environmental rights and responsibilities called the Rio Declaration. Consent was widespread on two companion pacts, the Agenda 21 blueprint of environmental action, and an accord aimed at preserving the world's forests.
Still, the World Wide Fund for Nature was not alone when it said, "the reality of Rio falls far short of the original vision" of the Earth Summit.
The summit did not take up many relevant issues — in-^^uding toxic wastes, nuclear energy, overpopulation. It also considered some inadequately — for example , the precise terms by which "clean" technology and money will be transferred to countries that need them.
Not every country seemed to consider the effort worth-
while. The United States in particular watered down the global warming treaty, refused to sign the biological diversity treaty, and offered little new money.
The talks also strained some Ues. Arab governments tweaked Israel’s nose on the "issue" of the environmental rights of Palestinians. Oil-rich Saudi Arabia rejected programs favoring renewable energy.
And leaders from the poor naUons went beyond asking the richer nations for help; they demanded It as a respon sfblllty. Fidel Castro of Cuba said "consumer societies" bore a disproportionate share of the blame for environmental dam-agc.
The elaborate Agenda 21, promoted as a plan to clean up and protect the environment over the next century, avoided the question of who would pay for it. Rich nations were "encouraged" — but not re-
quired — to contribute 0.7 per cent of their GNP to development aid. Germany, France and others will. Many won’t.
The accord still was not completely ready hours before the visiting heads of government were supposed to endorse it. because of Saudi opposition to the wording on renewable energy.