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NATO plans to allow use of nuclear weapons to end war
BRUSSELS, May 26 : NATO has drafted a new strategy allowing the use of nuclear weapons first to end a war, according to a confidential alliance document, reports Reuter.
But the doctrine says atomic weapons should be used selectively to hit military targets. preferably on enemy territory.
The document, detailing NATO's military strategy for conventional and nuclear forces In the post-cold war era. was made available to Reuter by sources who said they wanted more public debate on the issues involved.
Reuter was asked not to give full quotes from the 30-page document, which contains military guidance for implementing the new strategy agreed at a NATO summit in Rome last
The document, approved by defence ministers last December, says the alliance now faces risks from instability In a variety of areas. Including the former Soviet Union and the Middle East
Il says Ihe alliance's much-reduced nuck-ar arsenal is chiefly a political weapon, that the arms will remain under strict political control and that the likelihood of their use Is now very
remote with the end of cast-west confrontation.
But it also says this could be considered In a selective way to end a conflict, by convincing an attacker that the cost of continuing the war would be too great.
IL adds that the deterrent value of nuclear weapons continues to underpin NATO's entire strategy, geared to Ihe defence of its 16 mem ber nations.
The document, known as MC-400. recommends hitting high-priority military targets, especially on an enemy's home territory, using either nuclear aircraft bombs or missiles launched from submarines or ships.
It says, conventional forces may not be enough to fend off an aggressor In future and that nuclear arms make that risks Incalculable for any attacker. The document says they should be used, especially tn an Initial strike, in a way that is “constrained, discriminate and measured."
NATO has pledged to reshape Ha nuclear strategy after the Warsaw Pact collapsed and some elements have been changed from the old policy of "flexible response" dating from
the 1960s.
The alliance has agreed to withdraw and destroy all US short-range nuclear missiles and artillery Shells in Europe, leaving Just 700 nuclear aircraft bombs on the continent. NATO has also dropped rigid targeting plans for nuclear weapons.
The new strategy also strengthens the concept of political control over the arms and forbids their use to win on the frontline battlefield, which the old strategy allowed as a way of dealing with a massed attack from the Warsaw Pact.
That policy caused huge problems In Germany. the cold war frontline, where a strong anti nuclear movement lias fk>urishcd — partly because of the knowledge that German towns an cities would be devastated by short-range nut lear^eapons
Nevertheless, the new strategy docs not rule out that NATO could use nuclear weapons first Critics of the western alliance say this shows NATO has failed to keep a promise to change nuclear arms Into "weapons of last resort.”
"Nuclear weapons are still regarded by
NATO as instruments that can be used In a controlled way ... strategy and doctrine have been altered but not changed fundamentally." said Dan Plesch of the British-American Security Information Council. "How can you be the first to use nuclear weapons as a last resort?"
The document says NATO members must continue to share the political burden of basing the weapons and that all countries involved should take park in decisions to use them.
Countries where bombs arc based or which have he aircraft needed to deliver them include the United States. Britain. Belgium, Italy, Germany. Greece. Netherlands and Turkey.
Some of the US and British nuclear bombs are almost obsolete, despite a modernisation programme The NATO document says nuclear weapons should be kept up to date where necessary so they can hit a variety of targets at all ranges.
France, along with the United States and Britain. Is the third NATO member with nu clear arms, but it Is Independent on defence matters and not Involved tn alliance defence planning.