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Wanted : New Words for a New World
NEW YORK — To understand the drama tic political changes taking place In many parts of the world where institutions and internal relationships seemed till recently to be set in concrete, It I* necessary to begin by remaking the glossary which has shaped political discourse for many decade*
Here arc some reflections: Third World. It* use began in the late 1960 s whpn Alfred Sauvy. the French demographer, wrote an article In Le Monde tn which he referred to three worlds: two Industrialised, one capitalist, one communist — Le. the Soviet Union — and an unlndustriallscd Tiers Monde, a third world.
People everywhere took on the phrase and gave ft connotations which Sauvy had not in tended. Third World was soon universally taken to mean that huge mass out there, far away from the rich.
Third World became that materially poor world characterised by gross poverty, grub-by Citics where beggars In their thousands pestered visitors with their hideous whining for baksheesh rapid population growth rates and a multitude of other horrors unfamiliar in this day and age to the First World.
The First World was of course, the rich capitalist world. Very few knew what the Second World was. but it was a useful distance-making phrase which Interprosed a buffer between the First World and the Third which hardly anyone. except poor people, wanted to think about
But now that the Second World has largely disappeared a* a global force and ha* been revealed as a rickety superstructure held together for 70 years by ideological pin* and sealing wax, the phrase Third World too has lost Its meaning.
Another such outmoded epithet is Non-aligned. It began in the early 50* with Jawaharlal Nehru » phrase "third force" which he applied to those countries that were emerging from colonialism, which needed time and space to take their place under the sun without being dragged Into the Cold War.
Since there was not much "force behind them, the preferred word for a short lime was neutralism ' But there was a flaw tn it it *ug gested not only ideological neutralism but also moral neutralism, as though the adherent* of the concept believed'-that politics eould be value-free.
Then came the Bandung Conference where the titans of the ex-colontal world— Nehru. Tito, Nasser, Sukarno — and rather awkwardly, Chou En Lal, whose country had not yet broken with the Soviet Union, met to frame the pnn-
clpk* of "peaceful co existence" with the two superpower*.
Soon after, the word non-alignment became the generally accepted brand name for countries which did not want to be pushed around by the United Slates or the USSR
And then a non aligned bloc of 77 countries emerged from a seminar-conference held In the mid-sixties In Santiago, Chile. Pressure from this bloc brought about the United Nations Conference of Trade and Dcvefopment (UNCTAD), which was to serve a* an intergovernmental Instrument to press for change In the International trading system.
The 77 grew In number lo more than 120. But Is still called the 77 and will continue to be called the 77 because the concept of non alignment wa» deprived of it* rafaon d'etre with the sudden collapse of one of the superpowers.
The new configuration of power now demands a reassessment of the relationships of the developing world and the industrialised world. Many questions are tn the air.
In the face of the protectionist zeal growing tn the United States and the rapid building of
the commercial forlrea* of Europe. what wilt Japan do? What can the developing world do. jointly or aeparately. to deal with thfo clear trend?
Mere mouthing of the slogan* of the 70's — a New International Economic Order for example — will not do. The Industrialised world Is not dlacusatng Ideas and moral relationship* They arc playing hardball for high stakes
Even the cherished concept of the South a* a common effort to deal with the North has to < hangr for two reason* The North 1* no longer what tt was In the 1970* when the South became a mental construct 1n the developing world And the *outhem hemisphere Is not a coherent force.
The West Is well aware of this absence of cor hcrrnce and has become a past master of the 1 art of playing one southern country against the other. It is time for another Bandung where the developing world could come to some firm agreements about how not to be farther marginalised by global events.
Ex-Tanzanian President Ju-Hus Nycrere s South Commi ssion Report could well be the baste working paper The study has been done. What needs doing Is making agreements and getting down to work. There Is no time to waste on words we can do without
— IPS
Vartndra Tarzie VUtachi Is a former newspa per editor and former deputy executive director of the UN Children s Fund. UNICEF