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Vocational Further Training
VOCATIONAL further training serves the maintenance. ex tension and adjustment <4 vocational knowledge and skills — a* well a* promotion The differentiated change going on tn the Federal Republic of Germany from an industrial society towards a service *ocl cty. with a marked bias to wards countries abroad, is confronting vocational further training with new quantlla-thx and qualitative challenge* A large number of occupa lion*, auch as in the metal work sector, have changed quite dramatically of late, new trades, eg in environment protection, have sprung up Firms must pick up these de vclopmcnts and pass them on to at) their employees Vocational knowledge origl
nally learnt is growing obsolete faster and faster. As a result of a continuous trends towards better educational qualifications, the shortage of skilled workers is already making itself felt and being further aggravated by demographic developments in Germany.
Industry has consequently realized the opportunity existing in well-trained skilled labour potential. Whereas employees in various sectors were formerly dismissed as a result of rationalization and new staff sought on the market and trained tin the firm, today tl has become a matter of survival for many enterprises to keep their staff on a long term basis, to contribute to their development through further training and, if required. to qualify them for new tasks.
In this connection there is great willingness on the part ol employees to undergo further training. Participatton in voca-Uonal qualification has doubled in the last ten years. Skilled staff arc not only expected to be able to handle increasingly complex and high qualify technology: they must also display the ability tq plan and organize independently and to make their own decisions. Many a fear that tech nology would make humans superfluous has not material ized. On the contrary, the scope for personal discretion is increasing and enriching employees’ work.
Equality of general and vocational education
If Germans are asked for their opinion about the social prestige of various occupations, the first ten places are occupied almost exclusively by academic professions. Thi* assessment Is reflected In the attitude of young persons lo-wards Ihe choice of occupa UOn Hence the worry of em ploycrs that they will no longer be able lo cover their considerable requirement of skilled workers at medium level in future
The number of young per sons starting on dual occupa llonal training has dropped by more than 330.000 since the mid 198Os to a present level of 1.5 million The num ber of students, on the other hand, has risen so steadily that for the first time In the history of the Federal Republic of Germany, there were more students than apprentices In 1990 This developmcnl has prompted Industrial and educational experts to think more intensively of ways lo enhance the attractiveness of vocational training.
In the opinion of the experts. vocational training should acquit Its own sign if 1 cance to develop into an cdu rational sector equal to that of
higher education. Qualified persons with job experience, who arc capable and actively further educating themselves, must, via relevant further education programmes, be given the same opportunities of professional advancement and personal development as similarly-aged university graduates.
It is up to plants and enterprises to break with the formal approach to personnel planning — which still prevails in many places — and to start treating seriously the principle "that occupational capabil-
tty counts more than degrees along the path lo attractive professional positions and appropriate remuneration'.
This move could be favourably enhanced by making jobs more attractive — where broadly-based qualifications. imagination and allround education are called for and no longer highly specialized knowledge in one particular field.
I*romotion of talented persons in vocational training
The creation of equal opportunities for young working persons implies, among other things, that particularly talented skilled workers and handicraft-journeymen be given greater promotion In further training during the early stages of their career
The promotion of talented young skilled workers is essential for future-oriented further development of voca ttons 1 training. This complc menls the currently well-dc vcioped promotion procedure in the Federal Rcnublic of Germany for gifted pupils and outstanding academic achieve merits as a ‘fundamental element' In the creation ol equal opportunity.
In point of fact. the promo Uon of talented persons in vo cational training ts nothing new Many firms have long been awarding prizes for out standing achievements during training Inter-company financial assistance ts awarded and competitions held. The cur
rent points of departure for promoting talented persons in vocational training however, have little systematization.
Above all, they are not enough to realize the objective of perceptibly enhancing the attractiveness of vocational training for exceptionally capable or talented young persons. As a result. the German Federal Government initiated a concept in 1991 by means of which about an annual 0.5% of persons successfully completing their occupational training will be included in promotion measures, c.g scholarships, participation in demanding further educa tion programmes and trips of a further educational nature abroad.
Correspondence courses
Correspondence courses enjoy particular importance among the various forms of further education. They offer students flexibility of time, place and organization which is frequently not possible in direct instruction.
This independence makes correspondence courses particularly suitable for persons who, for personal or occupa lional reasons, arc unable to constantly partake in courses demanding their presence One great advantage for many working persons is the fact that they can process the writ ten or audiovisual learning material from the correspon dence course institution al their own place at home and send their work in to be cor reeled
Depending on the nature of the course, weekend sessions are h<-ld from time to It rm and the opportunity of obtaining recognized qualifications of fered. Because they are inde pendent of the Mme factor and can be learnt In one s own fashion, correspondence courses represent a part leu larly economic form of furlh< r cdu< allon on the Mdc for many participants. —IN Pre**