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Communism’s dilemma haunts world’s most closed society
PYONGYANG(North Korea). May 21: The dilemma of Communism that spurred the col lapse of the Soviet Union and has agitated China’s leaders since Tiananmen Square Is now haunting the world's most closed society, reports AP.
How can the system be reformed without being destroyed?
North Korea s leaders say the general collapse of Communism has had not effect on them But diplomats and scholars say this nation is in the throes of an economic crisis that many think will lead to the overthrow of its Stalinist system.
flow much economic reform can Communist dictator Kim II Sung allow without loosening the screws of political repression?
Kim has encouraged more trade with and investment from capitalist countries. But Chincse-stylc reform-unaba-shed capitalism under con-Unued Communist rule— has yet to take place.
The economy Is In serious trouble.
Western diplomats In Beijing say Koreans
living in China who visited family In North Korea last month reported a severe lack of food, clothing and fuel.
Most of the country's estimated 22 million people have no home heating. They receive miserly rations, such as one-third pound of meat per month for a family of four.
Annua) per capita Income Is estimated al dlrs 1,100 and the country has a dirs 7 billion foreign debt.
Former Soviet-bloc diplomats in Pyongyang, the capital, say dozens of factories have been shut down for more than a year In some Industrial cities because of fuel shortages.
They have no choice but to reform the economy, because they arc facing severe shortages such as hard currency and fuel, and the Soviet Union no longer helps.* said Dr Al brccht Lein, a German historian who regularly visits. "But once you allow economic reform some level of political reform Is inevitable.'
That's where North Korea's ruling cJass draws the llpe.
'Pluralism can never be tolerated in a socialist society,' declared Kim Jong II, the son
and powerful heir-apparent of Kim II Sung. In a widely disseminated speech in January.
"Liberalism in ideology, a multiparty system In politics and diversity in the form of ownership," said the younger Kim. will produce "social disorder and chaos."
That would be anathema to the reclusive Kims, who have smothered North Korea with a blanket of repressive measures.
The tuners of radios and televisions entering the country, for Instance, are sealed to government propaganda stations. Possession of shortwave radios or foreign literature Is a crime.
Many diplomats like Kim II Sungs absolute control to the Romanian dictatorship of Nicolae Ceauscscq. They say Ceausescu's overthrow and swift execution In December 1989 taught North Koreas leaders the disturbing lesson that any political reform could result, in the collapse of the existing system.
Still, the economic crisis has left North Korea no choice but to reluctantly encourage a small degree of foreign investment and offer
Improved relations to the West and South Korea.
Diplomats say spare parts and most com modifies arc In short supply because of severe shortages In hard currency. Most of North Korea's trading partners began to refuse credit and demand payment In hard currency last year.
Projects like the dlrs 30 billion free trade zone being proposed for the Tumen River area where North Korea meets China and Russia would generate badly needed hard currency North Korea Is also Increasing trade with rival South Korea.
In the end. though, every move toward economic opening raises the question of political change— and the possibility that even a small dose of freedom could set off a revolution.
Government officials dismiss such talk.
"Our position Is that the current hard time that socialism is facing is a temporary thing,' said Song Rak Un. who heads United States Affairs for the Foreign Ministry. 'It is a law of history that people are heading toward social ism.'