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EC on the Move
THE European Community is celeb rail ng H» 42nd birthday. On 9 May 1950. when he proposed the creation of a community of peaceful Interests to Federal Germany and any other European countries that wanted to join 1n. Robert Schuman performed a historic act In extending a hand to recent enemies he wiped away the bitterness of war and the weight of the past. But he also sparked off a completely novel process tn the International order by suggesting to the old nations that they should pool their sovereignty, to regain the Influence that none of them whs capable of wielding alone
The European Community, which has been developing day by day since then, constitutes the grand design of the late twentieth century. It draws Its motive force from the gencr ous visionary dream of the founders, bom of the war and inspired by a will to create among the nations of Europe the conditions for a lasting peace Phis force Is being con stantly renewed, spurred by the challenges confronting our countries tn a world of radical, rapid change. One has only to consider that the world population will Increase from four to six billion over the next 20 years to gauge the scale of the changes to which our societies will have to adapt.
Consider, too the tremen dous yearning for democracy and freedom that is overturn tng political structures In
Eastern Europe and giving a new dimension to the ideal of European unity.
For Europeans the Issue Is clear-cut. Either they continue to organize themselves, pulling together to make their voice heard tn the world, to uphold the democratic Ideal and to defend their economic and strategic Interests, in which case Europe will continue to represent more than Paul Valery’s 'small cape of Eurasia It will be a factor for balance between the superpowers and a factor for moderation in rcla tlons between the hypcr-ln dustrialized countries and countries with a development problem. Or. alternatively. Europeans will fall to perceive the solidarity which binds them and fall to equip them selves with the instruments to make their common interest* a reality, in which case Indi vidual economics will be re duced to playing a subordinate role and standards of living will decline. Europe, a mere geographical entity, will cons' under the influence of outside powers which will extort the price of its dependence and Its need for protection
With the approach of 1993. the target solemnly set by the Member States and the Community's institutions. Europeans, looking back over the distance travelled since 1950, must still find the an swers to some basic questions. What are the fundamental val ues that they hold dear and how best can these be preserved? What degree ol unton is desirablt, and possible. In order to derive optimum bene 111 from unity while preserving national IdeaIHy and tire Indi viduallty which constitutes the richness of our countries, our regions and our cultures? Can we advance In step, relying on the natural harmony that makes for consensus between the Twelve, or must we bow to conflicting appnaahes and dlf ferenttate the pace of Integra lion? Where are the Community's ultimate bound arics to be set. now that so many nations - Turkey, the countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the Balkans - arc asking to join us in the process of unification? How can the ordinary citizen be made to feel part of the Community enterprise, how can an attachment to Europe be fostered Ip complement and transcend iiadlttonal allegiances? These issues of prin ciplc must be confronted If Europeans arc I" avoid running into blind alleys Tie answers io these baaic questions will
determine the precise, technical choices laced day by day by those responsible for run nlng the Community enterprise
In 1992 the European Community Is in good shape, ft has lived up to the expects lions of those who brought It Into being. and has proved worthy of the efforts of those who. over four decades, shielded It from assault from without and helped II to sur vtvc Innumerable crises Today. Europeans settle their differ ences pcscdully, having recourse to the law and concilia tton Disc rtm Ina I Ion and feelings of superiority have been banished from relations between the Member Slates, which have given the four Community institutions — the Council. Parliament, the Commission and the Court at Justice — the task of arbitral Ing and managing their gains as well as their clashes The standard of living of the ordi nary citizen has l>cen substan t tally raised and Is now much 1 chef than 11 would have be n
had Individual economies not been able to take advantage of economies of ale and higher growth resulting from the common market and the d. vclopmcnt of trade. The European Community has become a pole of attraction. the focus of the expectations of countries, near or far, that are taking a keen Interest tn the dynamic of union and want to consolidate thetr renascent democracies or rebuild their devastated economies. Will I he community be the victim of its own success? Is that sucre** so firmly established that the Community can open Ms doors to others In the foreseeable fu ture. without risking implosion or loosening the essential ties that ensure a minimum of cohesion?
Al 40 the European Community 1s maturing. It 1s on the brink of key decision* that will determine Its fate It is well placed to measure how far It has travelled, to reflect on its origins, to draw cone Iu skins for the enn ahead. Will Europe be a political entity? Will the single European market be rounded off by monetary union? What policies need a common framework and pooled re sources If they are to find ma terial and effective expression?
Adoption of the Single European Act in 1986 marked the beginning of a period of frenetic activity in February 1988. by adopting the Ite tors plan, the Twelve swept away the remains of the past which had poisoned the early 19HOs I he ordering of financial resources up to 1992 has created budgetary peace between the institutions and Is providing the necessary solidarity to enable the less prosperous countries to withstand the impact of the large market. Ongoing reform of the com mon agricultural policy la helping to diversify the range of common policies, releasing additional resources for for ward looking policies such as technological research, environmental protection and vocal tonal training
The directives needed Io complete the single market are following the timetable programmed by the Commission. The point of no return has already passed giving all concerned the firm conviction that It is belter to prepare for change than to bow to it. The Madrid European Council In June 1989 approved the main features of an ambitious pm gramme that is to lead to the attainment of economic and monetary union, on the lines of a phased masterplan proposed by the Commission. In July the Western Economic Summit In Paris gave the European Commission the task of coordinating Western aid to Poland and llun*uy. thereby consoH dating the Community » role as a committed partner In a world scale operation and recognizing the existence in Eastern Europe of a situation without precedent since the war. an omen of hope and major developments.
And in June again voters exercises the franchise In the third direct elections to the European Parliament, estab lishing the vital democratic link between popular legitimacy and European Integration Backed by a mandate designating them as intermediaries between the electorate and the institutions, the 518 MEPs are preparing to give fresh impetus to the advance towards European union as
Parliament did in 1984 when It adopted the draft Treaty fa the red by Altlero Spinelli.
There will be further devel opmrnts on the Institutional front because of the positive results achieved at the Maastricht summit In December 1991
Europe Si 40 la flying high Hopes are commensurate with the smbttionB and challenges, but the danger of failure can not be excluded. At the cross roads of great decisions, op lions are critical Those who hold Europe's future In their hands must find this Insptra tion In the basic method and principles which led to the European Coal and Steel Community, the very first European venture since supplemented by the European Economic Community and Eurotam. A leaven of change' has been Injected Into Intra European relations and new effects arc being produced ev cry day
Forty two years after it was first put to the test, the Community method, the out come of the organized dialogue between the Member Slates and the common institutions, wielding delegated sovereignty. Is a shining reality It is making the optimum contribution to solving the ma jor problems confronting Europeans. It. and it alone, is capable of advancing the cause of European Integration.