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Miracle sugarcane
SYDNEY, May 7 The World's first genetically engineered sugarcane has been created by Australian scientists who said Thursday the development opens the door to a new range of sugarcane varieties resistant to disease and pests, reports Reuter
This is going to be the biggest leap tn sugarcane since the early 1900s when the first noble cane varieties were de veloped." said Robert Birch of the University of Queensland
With colleagues Robert Bower and Tricia Franks, he has discovered how to insert other plants E genes — the chemical blueprint Inside plant and animal cells into —
The breakthrough will allow researchers in the next few years to construct sugarcane varieties with the most desirable features, such as rests tance to disease and pests or an ability to produce higher crop yields, Birch said.
The team produced Its first artificial, or transgenic, sugar cane last year and has begun to expand Its research into other varieties.
The team has grown several transgenic cane plants at its laboratory and In the untversl ties' greenhouse. Genes making the plants resistant to some herbicides and antibiotics were added and the plants succeeded In warding off attack by these
Research will now concentrate on Inserting resistance genes into plants and monitoring them over several generations in laboratories before they are released into the environment to ensure they do not develop dangerous at tributes
"Our objective Is to ensure the stability and safety of ge netlc-engineered varieties in the field." Birch said by tele phone from Brisbane.
Scientists around the world have been trying to make transgenic plants for some time but have been prevented from introducing foreign genes through the tough cellulose walls that protect plant cells Animal cells have no such
The Australians coated ml croscopic tungsten pellets with the genetic material and. using a modified 22-caltblre sawn off rifle, fired the pellets into a bank of sugarcane cells.
The pellets, travelling at 300 metres (984 feet) per second, can then penetrate the cellulose walls.
"It's crude but effective, Birch said Using the same process, scientists In the United States have recently made transgenic rice and maize. The gene gun Is now also being used in Australia 1n cereal and banana studies.
Birch said the discovery opens the door for the creation of cane varieties able to fight off a range of fungal, bacterial and viral diseases, including leaf scald, ratoon stunting disease, poor-root syndrome, Fiji disease and a host of other ailments which plague su arcane
Theres not a lot you can do against cane grubs or soldier files except re-plant, said Chairman Harry Bonnano of Cane-growers Queensland, a group representing cane farmers tn Australia's biggest sugar state.
"It certainly would be more cost effective to add resistance than use all the pesticides we do. and far more envlronmcn tally friendly, he said
Varieties could be made that ward off sugarcane grubs, the larval stage of the cane bet tie. which in 1990 cost farm ers Australian 1.1 million (830,000) In lost production and required a 6.6 million (4.98 million) to be spent on pesticides.