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Co-habitation in Turkey
It now seems certain that Suleyman Demirel will become prime minister of Turkey for a seventh time, following his centre-right True Path Party's (DYP) narrow but significant victory over president Turgut Ozal's Motherland Party. Demirel, who was overthrown by the military twice in his long and eventful political career, is regarded as a bitter rival of the president, although the two men's ideological orientations are rather similar.
Prom one viewpoint, the certainty of two such traditional rivals occupying the highest executive seats of the country would seem to be a recipe for disaster, with each leader trying to steal a march on the other, by trying to obstruct the other's function or by engaging in some sort of power struggle as to who should have the final word tn formulating Turkey's domestic and foreign policies.
That ts the pessimistic view. On the other hand, however, the occupation of the presidency and the prime ministership by mutually hostile politicians should not pose an insurmountable problem for a country that has managed to preserve its democratic character more or less intact in spite of enormous temptation to the contrary. With authoritarianism dominating the political landscape to the south, east and immediately to the north, it is to Ankara's immense credit that it managed to hang on to pluralism. The challenge now is to conduct its state of affairs on the basis of what the French call "co-habitation" — an executive president living in peace with a hostile parliament and cabinet.
Co-habltation ts now essential for Turkey, not only to confirm the maturity of its democratic system. but because political instability ts the last thing needed by Turkey in the present political environment.
The problems facing Ankara are massive. To begin with, it desperately wants to become a member of the European Community for economic as well security reasons. Political maturity and economic development are vital if Brussels is to be impressed. The flare-up with the Kurds, with the Turkish military carrying out cross-border raids into Iraq to attack Kurdish bases, is not a healthy development, and one suspects, the Turkish political leadership recognises the developments as such. In more recent days, Turkish leaders have spoken of a desire to look for a political solution to the Kurdish problem, which has done immense good to inter-ethnic relations inside the country. The task now is to carry that forward to actual deed. In order to meet Kurdish demands even half-way. Turkey needs to achieve a broad political consensus inside parliament, and that should be the priority of noth Ozal and Demirel.
In addition, the continuing ethnic strife inside the Soviet Union, with Azerbaijan and Armenia still at each other's throats across the border from Turkey, it is vital that Ankara maintains internal stability and aid European powers in defusing the potentially explosive nationality crisis. That crisis has opened up centuries-old ethnic tensions in central and southern Europe. A stable, politically mature Turkey could play a vital role in achieving peace, if not harmony, in the region. But to do that. Turkey must be at peace wltn itself. Which requires successful co-nabitation between Ozal and Demirel.