& çâÌæÚUæð´ ·¤è ¥ôÚU Îð¹Ùæ ÁæÚUè ÚU¹ð´ ¥ÍæüÌ ¥ÂÙð ÜÿØ ÂÚU ŠØæÙ ÚU¹ð´Ð ãæÚU Ù ×æÙð´, €UØô´ç·¤ ·¤æ× ·¤ÚUÙð âð ¥æÂ·¤ô ©gðàØ ·¤è Âýæç# ãôÌè ãñ ¥õÚU ÁèßÙ ·¤æ ¹æÜèÂÙ ÎêÚU ãôÌæ ãñÐ ÖÜð ãè ÁèßÙ ×ð´ ç·¤ÌÙè Öè ·¤çÆÙæ§ü €UØô´ Ù ¥æ°, çÁ™ææâæ ¥õÚU ©ˆâæã ÕÙæ° ÚU¹ð´Ð ŠØæÙ ÚU¹ð´, ÜÿØ ã×ðàææ ¥æÂ·Ô¤ Âæâ ãôÌð ãñ´ çÁ‹ãð´ ÂæÙð ·Ô¤ çÜ° ÂýØæâ ¥æÂ ·¤Öè Öè àæéM¤ ·¤ÚU â·¤Ìð ãñ´Ð

Climate Change and World Agriculture
planet will become too hot or too dry to support crops, while others will experience large boosts in productive capacity.
Average annual rainfall Is expected to increase globally as the planet warms, but this will not be the case for every region. In some parts of the world, rainfall could decrease by up to 20 per cent. Furthermore, it Is thought that many regions which do receive more rain will find It arrives in heavier downpours which are spread over a shorter period during each year, reducing the length of the growing season and worsening problems of flooding and erosion.
Although there are still many uncertainties about-the regional Impacts of climate change on agriculture, It appears likely that most of the world's breadbasket food producers will suffer significant reductions In yields. In Southern Europe, the United States, Central America, parts of South America, Africa and Southeast Asia, crop yields and livestock production may drop dramatically. In the humid tropics, where much of the world s rice harvest is produced, It is thought that the Southeast Asian monsoon may intensify, bringing more rain In summer and possibly less in winter.
Much depends on future rainfall in these regions, but research suggests that in mid-latitude, mid-continental parts of the world including the Great Plains, the North American Prairies and current grain-producing regions of Soviet central Asia, there may be less moisture available for plant growth.
Research suggests that there is also a good chance that there will be significant reductions in crop yields in Western Australia, the Argentine pampas and Southern Africa, 'and in mountain regions of Southwest Asia, the Indian sub-continent and parts of mainland and Insular Southeast Asia.
The loss of production in major food-producing countries would significantly reduce the quantities of food available for sale on the world markets, unless other regions can take over the role of producing food for global consumption. At present the world depends on three nations for 75 per cent of all cereal exports. All three — the United states, France and Canada — are expected to experience marked reductions in food production as temperatures rise, rainfall diminished and the soil dries out
Shortfalls in food production could be balanced by production Increases in higher latitudes, particularly in the Northern Hemisphere. Temperatures in higher latitudes will rise considerably more than the predicted global average. By the time the average global temperature has risen 1.5 degrees Celsius, higher latitudes could have warmed as much as 9 degrees celstus, allowing land previously too cold for agriculture to be farmed.
Moreover, while rainfall is expected to decrease In many lower latitude regions, this is considered less likely in northern Europe, and possibly northern Asia as well. The resulting combination of warmer temperatures and adequate rainfall would make it possible for agriculture to extend much further north th future.
However, it is by no means certain that Increased production in the north will neatly coincide with production losses further south. Nor is it certain whether the quantities of increased production In higher latitudes will equal the loss of production In mid-latltude breadbasket regions.
Production losses could to some extent be reduced through the fertilizing effects of the extra carbon dioxide tn. the atmosphere. It is known that when there is more carbon dioxide in the air, plant growth rates Increase. However. the latest research suggests that these yield increases may only last a few seasons. After that plants tend to adjust to the extra carbon, dioxide in the atmosphere, and their growth rates drop back to present-day rates.
In addition, warmer tem-perpturea will mean an increase in the rate at which plants draw up moisture from the soli, which could substantially reduce the amount of soil moisture available for crops and vegetation. Higher evaporation rates and less soil moisture would dramatically affect global crop yields. It has been estimated that the combination of a 10 per cent drop In rainfall and a one degree Celsius rise in temperature would lead to a 50 per cent reduction in soil moisture available to plants.
Larger insect pest populations and increased in plant diseases In a warmer world will also Contribute to drops in crop yields.
Higher temperatures and humidity will enhance, breeding conditions for pests and disease-bearing organisms, while warmer temperatures will also allow insect pests to move into regions at present too cold for them to survive.
As the climate changes, and with ft patterns of agricultural production, farming techniques will have to become considerably more flexible.
Farmers may have to become accustomed to changing their cropping and livestock man agement techniques every decade or so, and in many parts of the world they will also have to cope with increasingly frequent storms, floods and droughts. In these latter countries, even small changes In climate and rainfall can wipe out most of their crops. These countries are also the least able to n»ke the necessary technological and management changes to allow them to continue to produce food in a changing climate. Considerable education and technical assistance will be needed to allow fanners In developing countries to change to different crops, or change their agricultural practices.