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Immune system mistake may cause diabetes
LOS ANGELES. June 27: The most severe form of diabetes may develop because the body's immune system mis takes insulin-producing cells for an invading virus, and so attasks the cells in error, researchers said Wednesday, reports AP.
The finding may help scientists develop a test to iden tlfy the disease in its early stages so it can be treated to halt its progression, said Allan J. Tobin, a biology professor at the University of California. Los Angeles.
Tobin reported his team's findings tn Washington. DC. at the International Diabetes Federation Congress.
Insulin-dependent diabetes — also known as Type I or juvenile-onset diabetes — affects about 1 million Americans. Their bodies produce too little insulin because of damage to the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas, following the attack from the immune system
The disorder occurs mainly in young people, who must carefully control their diet and inject insulin two to four times daily. But many diabetics nevertheless develop blindness, kidney failure and nerve damage that can lead to amputation of limbs.
Prior research suggested that very early in the disease, the immune system attacks an enzyme in the beta ceils called glutamic acid decarboxylase, or GAD.
Tobin and his colleagues found that the molecular structure of GAD strongly resembles that of a protein in coxsackieviruses. a disease-causing group of viruses.
That may mean that as the immune system fights off a coxsackievirus infection, it also destroys beta cells because of the resemblance of GAD to the virus protein. Tobin suggests.
Previous evidence had suggested the viruses played a role in causing insulin-dependent diabetes.
The new work is "an extremely interesting development,' said biochemist Joan Harmon. executive director of diabetes research at the National institute of Health. *lt doesn't quite prove that the ... virus Is the culprit, but It's very suggestive evidence '
Richard Khan, chief executive and medical officer of the American Diabetes Association, said Tobin s study 'certainly lends further support to the belief that a viral infection triggers an autoimmune response against the pancreas.'
Previous research by University of Florida pathok) gists Mark Atkinson and Noel Maclaren found that antibodies against GAD are in the blood stream up to seven years before people develop symptoms of insulin-dependent diabetes.
Researchers who participated in Tobin's study were Atkinson; Maclaren; Daniel L Kaufmen, a UCLA psychiatrist; Mark G Erlander. a postdoc toral scholar at Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation in La Jolla; and Michael Clare-Salzer. a UCLA endocrinologist