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S Africa : Olympic challenge?
After more than 20 years in which the strongest pressures to isolate South African sport have come from the outside world — with the backing of anti — apartheid forces within the country — the boycott has now come home.
That was made abundantly clear by the parting words of the International Olympic Committee as they left South Africa after five days of discussion with sports administrators and politicians.
The delegation, headed by IOC vice-president Keba Mbaye of Senegal, set five conditions for South Africa's re-admlsslon to the Olympic fold — and by implication, for their inclusion In the 1992 Olympic Games in Barcelona:
• The abolition of apartheid.
•South Africa's adherence, to the Olympic charter.
The formation of a single representative Olympic body which will encourage affiliated national federations to normalise refations with the relevant international bodies.
The unification of individual sports on a non-racial basis.
The normalisation of South Africa's relationship with the African Olympic movement.
On the face of it. condition number one throws up a major obstacle unless South Africa's politicians move faster.
The delegation did not specify what it would consider the abolition of apartheid to be. But Mbaye and others Indicated that South African sport would not have to wait until full political rights were granted to all.
It is well-known that the IOC president Juan Samranch has a deep desire to see the first undivided Olympic Games take place in his home city, under his presidency. His wish to have South African back is what has driven the IOC to reassess the country's exclusion, a process which began some two years ago and culminated in tire delegation's, the first Olympic visit since 1967.
Given all that, the IOC will consider condition one, the abolition of apartheid, to have been met by the scrapping of three apartheid laws—the Groups Areas Act. the lands Act and the Population Registration Act. This legislation should be on the scraphead by the end of this Parliamentary session, which finishes in June.
to be the cnd,of apartheid says a great deal about .the public profile and persuasiveness of State President FW De Klerk "We were extremely impressed by President de Klerk." said IOC director Francois Carrard. "Wc were very much on the same wavelength." these three laws arc the cornerstone of apartheid: having convinced' others of that, he can then expect rewards when he pronounces them dead.
That might work in London or Lausanne but ultimately it is South Africans who need convincing. not Europeans.
There is still a strong feeling among black political or ganisations that major questions — like security laws, cdu cation, government spending and above all political rights — have not been addressed.
There is a concern that South Africa will return to international sport without addressing the inequalities in facilities and opportunity — for example, it is estimated that vhites own 73 per cent of all Thal the IOC considers this The key question though Is, who else is on that wavc-Icnglh? There are many politi- , < al and sports organisations in South Africa who feel that De Klerk has made himself both the examiner and the exam candidate. He has insisted that athletics tracks. 82 per cent of the swimming pools and 82 per cent of all rugby fields.
There are five organisations involved in the Interim National Olympic Committee of South Africa, which was given 180 days by the IOC to fornj a united structure. , ,
The National and Olympic Sports Congress (NOSC) has the backing of the African National Congress. It supports the continuation of the moratorium. at least until there has been unification of white and black sports bodies and large-scale upgrading of facilities, with a possible return for individual sports which have achieved this.
The South African National Olympic Congress (SANOC) is the country's oldest establishment organisation and was expelled from the Olympic movement In 1970. Since the beginning of last year, the SANOC has been willing to accept the moratorium until unity Is achieved, but mainly because they see this as Iheir only route back into the Games.
The Congress of South African Sport (COSAS), consisting largely of white sports administrators, was formed in the early 1980s. It is against the sports moratorium but will abide by it while the new Olympic body is being formed.
The Southern African Council on Sport (SACOS) was the main black sports body but has been overshadowed by the NOSC. SACOS operated from the watchword "no normal sport tn an abnormal society and believes In strict adher-
ence to the moratorium.
Finally, the South African Non-Racial Committee (SANROC) was formed In exile in 1962 and was the driving force behind efforts to isolate South Africa. Its principal significance in the current phase lies with its head, Sam Ramsamy. who is a special adviser to both the IOC and the United Nations on apartheid and sport and head of the interim Olympic body.
From this mix of organisations. one. and one clear policy Will have to emerge. Even within the organisations there arc differences. For instance, some in the NOSC believe that sports which achieve unity and bridge the gaps In facilities should be allowed some international competition. Yet the NOSC council has Just reaffirmed its support for the moratorium and stressed that Improving facilities and not international competition was the priority.
The fact is. the boycott is going to go. one way or another. It can either be allowed to crumble away, creating more division and confusion, or Its lifting can managed tn a way that extracts every fast ounce of flesh from white sports bodies.
A possible solution Iles in the selective boycott approach — allow back those sports which have redistributed their wealth and opportunities; keep at home those that refuse to change. That will give real change the massive incentive it needs.
Many black people do not want to see white South Africa enjoying the spectacle of an all-white rugby team playing against the all blacks of New Zealand. But surely they don't feel the same way about the national soccer team, or the country's -top black marathon runners?
They will feel cheated if the boycott is dropped and everyone goes to the start line together — white elitist sports where nothing has changed, equal in status with non-racial soccer or road-running, the sports of the majority.
If that happens, after all the years of sacrifice that supporting the boycott has meant — and blacks have made the biggest of these — some sports people might have cause to wonder if it was actually worth IL