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Camouflage a science as old as war itself
WASHINGTON, Feb 19: From the Trojan Horse to the Gulf War. the time-honoured tactic of military camouflage has taken a multitude of forms, reports AP.
The US Army has a contemporary version of the equestrain decoy -a phony M-l tank made of canvas that is designed to attract enemy fire.
“If we can get the bad guys to fire one round into one of our tank decoys, then we have saved some lives gotten the enemy to give away his location and allowed US tanks to destroy him." said Nicholas Vamvakias. who manufactures the decoys.
Recent reports by allied military officials that the Iraqis have set up phony Scud Missile launchers as decoys is another example of such tactics. While allied planes zoom in on the dummy launchers, the real ones are firing on Tel Aviv and Saudi Arabia.
Whether designed to fool the enemy about geopraphic positions or to trick them into revealing their own location, these techniques have sometimes changed the course of a battle.
In 1942. British forces emerged victorious from the Battle of El-Alamein after tricking German troops into redirecting their offensive by planting phony canons and tanks along their lines of defence.
The Iraqis are "quitd good' at the game of camouflage, according to General Colin Powell, chairman of the US joint chiefs of staff. In addition to the mascarading missiles, the Iraqis have painted bomb craters on their airfields to make allied bombers think they had already been hit.
Iraqi President Saddam Hussein’s army has had excellent training. they learned from the Soviet school of "maskirovka." or deception, which has used similar tactics since World War II.
In his book. The Art of Deception and War.” Red Army specialist Michael Dewar writes. "deception and surprise are. in the Soviet Military mind, inextricable.”
The Iraqis also have fake armoured vehicles which, according to unconfirmed sources, were manufactured by an Italian company. Like the American version, these plastic personnel carriers have been reinforced with enough metal to cause a very real blip on allied radar screens.
Though it is obvious the tanks are decoys on close examination, as Vamakias points out. "If you and I are In a tank and we see that, we’re going to shoot first and ask questions later.”
Camouflage has taken on new forms since the birth of the modem technical during the last world war. Radar-confusing chaff, thermal lures and jamming devices have become keys to air battles in what is at times as such a war of wits as of weapons.
The massive reflection produced by the Chaff-long strips of aluminum foil trailing from fighter planes-blind enemy radar. This method was invented by British flyers bombing Nazi Germany and is widely usea by combat planes today.
Thermal luries are tiny flares dropped by planes and helicopters at regular intervals to draw away heat-seeking missiles.
, An entirely different principal led to the Invention of warplanes which evade radar detection, such as the F-117 fighter-bomber used in the Gulf and the B-2 bomber and YF-21 and YF-22 fighters which are still being tested.
Nearly invisible to enemy radar, the F-117s were the first allied jets used to bomb Baghdad last week.
And finally there are the electronic measures and countermeasures designed to create a high-tech "smoke screen" that can hide an air attack.
Some specialised aircraft, like the EF-111 or the navy's Viking, are equipped with systems which can jam radar ' devices on several frequencies, allowing planes to fly through hostile skies undetected.