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Saddam Makes his Mark on the Arab History Books

by Allan Thompson
The Gulf war is one of the most significant military conflicts of modern times in which Arab has faced Arab Experts believe the political order of the Middle East will be turned upside down, regardless of the outcome of the war.
The direct Involvement of Saudi. Syrian. Moroccan. Kuwaiti and Gulf-state forces in the US-dominated coalition confronting Saddam Hussein is unlike anything seen before tn the Arab world
Said Eberhard Kienle, a lecturer in Middle East Politics at the School of Oriental and African Stud les in London : Tm not very confident that the de feat of Iraq would be post tive for political life in many of these countries. "
"Tne attack against Iraq now will have negative repercussions on the sta biiity of other Arab regimes. In Syria. Egypt and Saudi Arabia there are numerous groups of people who are sided with Saddam and it's hard to say if these governments can rely on their internal repression apparatus. It may take a long time to secure the stability of these regimes".
Added Roger Owen, a lecturer in Middle East Economics at Oxford University : "It matters so much whether it's a long war or a short war...it could de-legitimise the Saudi. Egyptian and Syrian rulers".
Owen said the current confrontation is vastly different from other occasions when Arabs have been matched against each other. "I think the times are different, the number of issues involved are vastly different. The think the
times are different. The question is whether that leads to an outcome that causes other things to hap pen."
Numerous serious confrontations between Arab states have Uken place
since the end of the Ot toman empire, the League of Nations mandates and the creation of Israel — an era during which the re gion changed dramatically in a few decades.
Most of the intra Arab
-w
disputes to lead to military conflict since then have involved border disputes and struggles for regional superiority.
One of the -most famous particularly in light of current events was the dis-Cute between Iraq and □wait, suiting in 1961. over the sovereignty of Kuwait and its hold on the Islands of Warba and Bu-btyan in the northern Gulf.
On June 25. 1961. the Iraqi leader General Kassem made a claim of sovereignty over the newly ■ independent Kuwait, saying that Iraq had tnher Ited Kuwait from the Ottoman empire, which ruled it as part of the province of Basra. Kassem moved troops to the Kuwaiti border, but eventually backed down after British troops, and later an Arab Irague force came on th« > i,.
Iraq withdrew its repre senUtlves from all coun tries that recognized Kuwait. Two years later, the overthrow of Kassem eased frictions between Iraq and Kuwait. Iraq recognized its neighbour, but ownership of the islands and the Ku maila oilfield were never
Iraq pressed the matter again in 1973 when its troops seized a Kuwaiti border post but was forced to withdraw because of widespread Arab dlsap proval. Iraq's third attempt to assert control of Kuwait is quickly becoming part of history as well.
There were other dis putes leading to conflict. From 1962 to 1967. Nasser's Egypt and Saudi 'Arabia of King Faisal were at loggerheads over the change of government in Yemen loyalist tribes sup portln. >h< <»M . nue of