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Goal of halving poverty could be met by 2015

China, India make development goals attainable, poorest nations still need more aid: UNDP

AFP, United Nations
The goal of halving world poverty by 2015 is likely to be met, as a result of economic growth in China and India, but the poorest nations still need more aid and better trade opportunities, this year's Human Development Report says.
The report, by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), said the proportion of people living on less than one dollar a day in China fell from 33 percent in 1990 -- the base year for the UN's Millennium goals -- to 16 percent in 2000.
In India, which began to introduce market-based reforms more than a decade later than China, it fell from 42 percent in 1993 to 35 percent last year, the report said.
China and India together represent one-third of the world's population of six billion.
The report noted more modest progress in both countries towards other goals, such as halving by 2015 the proportion of people who suffer from hunger and those without access to safe drinking water, and reducing the under-five mortality rate by two-thirds.
"Significant progress" has also been made in Arab states, in Latin America and in the Caribbean, the report said.
In other regions, meeting the goals "remains a huge challenge," and at current rates of progress it would take subSaharan Africa well over a cen-
tury to do so, it said.
While much of the world benefited from sustained economic growth in the past decade, 54 developing countries saw average incomes fall, the report said.
And 21 states experienced declines on the human development index (HDI), a composite measure including life expectancy, educational enrollment, adult literacy and income per person. They include Russia and six other former Soviet republics, as well as 14 African nations, among them South Africa, the country worst hit by HIV/AIDS.
"Reversals in HDI are highly unusual, as these indicators generally tend to edge up slowly over time," UNDP Administrator Mark Malloch Brown said. Only four countries declined on the index in the previous decade.
The report argues that, to reverse the declines, development strategies must focus not only on economic growth -- and on the reforms recommended by the IMF and the World Bank to achieve it -- but also on more equitable distribution of wealth and services.
"There is plenty of evidence that the goals are reachable, but we need a new vision and a new deal, " Malloch Brown told reporters.
The success of China and India depended less on international organisations or donors than on the efforts of "enlightened national leadership to bring underdeveloped regions into the mainstream economy," he said.
But many smaller countries were landlocked or were vulnerable to fluctuations in the international market price of a single cash crop, he said.
The report emphasised the need for rich nations to meet the eighth Millennium goal, a commitment to match economic and institutional reform in developing countries by lowering import barriers and reducing or eliminating unsustainable debts.
Agricultural subsidies in the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development countries total 300 billion dollars a year, it said. Subsidies to US cotton growers are three times greater than US government aid to sub-Saharan Africa, while each dairy cow in the European Union receives a larger cash subsidy than per capita EU aid to subSaharan Africa.
Noting that per capita income in all of the 42 highly indebted poor countries is less than 1,500 dollars a year, the report called on rich nations to provide more meaningful debt relief.
It noted that the long decline in official aid flows was reversed last year, rising to 57 billion dollars from 52.3 billion the previous year.
But even if the rich countries live up to the commitment made at the UN's Financing for Development Conference in Monterrey, Mexico, last year, to increase official aid by 16 billion dollars a year, "the total will still fall short of the 100-billion-dollar minimum needed per year to meet the goals," it said.