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CHILDHOOD LEUKEMIA (BLOOD CANCER IN CHILDREN)
The type of leukemia that most often occurs in children is called acute lymphoblastic leukemia, or ALL. As the most common form of childhood cancer, ALL usually strikes between the ages of two and 10. Sometimes described as blood cancer, it affects the white blood cells, which help the body combat infection. In ALL, immature white blood cells divide uncontrollably, accumulating in the bloodstream, bone marrow and lymph system. This invasion of abnormal cells interferes with the production and function of the healthy blood cells making the person with leukemia highly susceptible to infections with little or no defense.
Q: What is childhood leukemia?
A: Leukemia is cancer of the blood cells. However, cancer in children and adolescents is rare.
Q: What happens in leukemia?
A: Abnormal cancer cells (also called as blast cells) accumulate in the bone marrow. They begin to crowd out the normal blood cells that develop there causing anemia, bleeding and infections. These cancer cells may also spread to other parts of the body such as the lymph nodes, liver, spleen, joints & bones ultimately leading to death.
Q: What are the causes of leukemia? A: The cause of blood cancer still remains unknown. However, few factors have been implicated. The incidence of leukemia is high in patients;
- Exposed to radiation -Exposed to Benzene, pesticides and herbicides.
-Patients given Chemotherapeutic agents previously.
- Exposed to infectious agents such as Ebstein Barr virus, HTLVI & II virus etc.
- Patients with Bloom's syndrome - Patients with Fanconi's anemia - Patients with Down's syndrome - Patients with Klinefelter's syndrome
- Patients with Wiskott - Aldrich syndrome
- Patients with Ataxia Telangiectasia Q: How is leukemia diagnosed?
A: On clinical suspicion, a variety of tests are done :- blood tests, bone marrow aspiration & biopsy etc.
However, primary diagnosis is made by bone marrow
examination.
Q: How is a patient with leukemia treated?
A: A patient with leukemia is essentially treated by agents that kill the abnormal cancer cells. This is done by either cancer drugs (also called chemotherapeutic drugs or chemotherapy) or by radiation (radiotherapy).